Arabic is considered the most common of the Semitic languages. The originality and effectiveness of phraseological units of the Arabic language is very high. Today, the study of phraseology and the improvement of dictionaries, manuals and other lexicographical publications based on it is considered a relevant field in Arabic linguistics.

Word and phraseological units are synonymous, antonymic, etc. They form multifaceted semantic connections. Scholars have paid attention to synonomic relations between words and phraseological units.

The problem of connection of the meanings of phraseology with the semantics of the components that make them up and can be used as independent lexical units remains one of the unsolved and at the same time controversial problems.

Among linguists, there are different opinions about whether a word retains its semantic features in the structure of a phraseology. Some scientists think that “a word that is part of a phraseological unit loses its main feature, that is, it remains lexically meaningless.” In fact, the analysis has shown that the meaning of a phraseological unit is not just a simple combination of the meanings of its constituent parts. At the same time, the semantics of the phraseology and its components retain some special connections. As you know, phraseology is formed on the basis of the lexical fund that exists in the language. Some words can be part of a whole group of phraseological units, and some can only form single phraseological units.

Based on the analysis of phraseological units of the Arabic language and their components from the point of view of lexical-semantic connections, the following types can be distinguished among them:

1) phraseological units whose meaning does not depend on the semantics of the lexical units that make them up;

2) phraseological units whose components cannot be connected in free use. The meanings of the phraseological units belonging to this group are based on a figurative view of the objects and phenomena of reality.

All the components of phraseology have their own meaning and are used as an independent unit. But the semantic meaning of a phraseological unit is not related to the lexical meanings of its constituent parts. It is based on the fact that the entire vocabulary comes to a figurative meaning as a result of complex interactions and connections (association) that occur in the minds of representatives of the native language. The figurative meaning is based on the similarity of appearance, structure, characteristic features of things and events. For example,

A phrase, acting in the service of phraseology, loses the characteristic features of the phrase and turns into another unit that retains its own characteristics. It is not denied that phraseologisms and the phrases that make them up can act in language individually, but this does not mean that they can be used as a homonymous series. Because phraseology is qualitatively different from the word structure that forms it.

In most cases, the concepts expressed by phraseology can also be expressed in words. For example, the Arabic word for ” ýitmek” is ” باد” and the phraseology ” ذهب كأمس دابر” is used.

The difference between phraseological units and free phrases is more obvious when it is possible to compare them from the point of view of homonyms. Their similarity is determined by their syntactic structure, and their difference is evident by the semantic connection and imagery of the components.

A group of phraseology refers to a higher degree of sign or a stronger dynamic of action:

In most cases, the use of phraseology in speech is conditioned by the need to express the speaker’s emotional relationship to a certain thing or situation:

Based on the results, it can be noted that words belonging to certain groups are actively used in the composition of phraseology. These may include:

- words meaning mind, intelligence, will, desire;

- names of body parts;

- actions involving physical impact, movement;

- numbers.

In modern Arabic, there are phraseologisms in which the meaning of the constituent parts occurs only as part of a phraseological unit. As a rule, they are as follows:

- verb + noun

- verb + adverb

For example,

The components of this phraseology are individually independent, but connected according to the laws of the Arabic language, they acquire figurative meaning.

If we were talking about a snake, then this phrase could be taken as a normal free phrase. When the conversation is related to a person, it belongs to phraseologism, because it is not natural for a person to change his skin.

Phraseologisms of any language are difficult units to translate. Therefore, the translation of a phraseology is the result of a careful analysis of its various components. When translating phraseological units of the Arabic language, it is necessary to find their variant in the Turkmen language, give their meaning and preserve their imagery, without considering its stylistic function. In the absence of a similar variant of the phraseological unit in the Turkmen language, the translation is based on the search for a variant that is close in meaning. When translating Arabic phraseology into Turkmen language, it is considered appropriate to approach it from a structural-typological and semantic-functional point of view. This allows for the following balance between languages:

- fully equivalent:

- partial equivalent;

- analog:

- non-equivalent (lacunar) units;

The following methods are used for the translation of lacunar units:

- protection;

- descriptive method of translation;

- lexical method of translation;

- combined translation.

The history, culture, everyday life, traditions and other national characteristics of this or other people are more clearly reflected in phraseology than in other units of the language. That is why phraseological units, despite their complexity, are of great interest in teaching foreign languages.

The comparative study of phraseology contributes to the in-depth study of the structure of two languages, and enriches the knowledge of the culture, literature, history, and traditions of the representatives of the studied language.

The translation of Turkmen and Arabic phraseology requires a good knowledge of the lexicon, the ability to analyze the context, a thorough study of history, culture, and traditions.

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