Methods of teaching literature is a discipline that is aimed at studying ways of transmitting scientific thought from teacher to student, focusing on a fairly wide range of issues related to the redirection of knowledge [1, p. 18]. The teacher needs to introduce schoolchildren into the world of a work of art, develop sensitivity to words, reading skills, teach them to observe and correlate life phenomena with the student’s own vision and understanding of the essence of what is happening, and finally, prepare the student to perceive the holistic knowledge about life and the world that literature contains as a form of art. Another aspect of the study and, therefore, teaching of literature at school is the formation of literary support and moral convictions in the student, which he later needs to achieve the goals and objectives that he will designate as priorities in his life. That is why it is so important to understand that teaching literature is connected with the prospect of personal development, where at the moment of its formation there are two unknowns [1, p. 43]: 1) the future, and what it will require from a person, what kind of knowledge and skills, and 2) the student’s personality itself, i.e. To. The teacher cannot know with certainty what can come out of this or that student, how he will manifest himself in the circumstances of life. That is why the teaching of literature at all times is built taking into account the best that is in the experience of human life, the rich history of the life of the people and the nation as a whole. All this is necessary to prepare the human student for independent living. This complex of knowledge stands above the immediate demands of the time and requires self-realization from the individual ascending to knowledge. The growing human “I” needs to rely on the best examples of historical and spiritual knowledge of life, which are captured in the images of fiction.
The place of literature among other school subjects Literature belongs to the subjects of the aesthetic cycle, along with such subjects as music and fine arts [2, p. 21]. At the same time, literature is a unique subject of its kind, because he is the only one who has the ability to speak in the language of images about human essence, about the meaning of life. Literature expresses all its diversity, and therefore knowledge of the subject can provide spiritual maturation, makes it possible to correlate the general and the individual, the individual and the characteristic in the proposed circumstances of life. This requires the student to know himself, puts him in a position of choice, and actively shapes his attitude towards certain phenomena of life. In other words, by studying literature, the student enters into dialogue with the culture of his people, with the views of this or that writer on the world, comprehends the characteristics of the era, social consciousness and acquires an incomparable experience of logical reasoning, viewing things not in the only (own) plane projections, but in the general cultural tradition inherent in a given nation. If we consider the study of Russian literature as a stage of pre-preparation for entering adulthood, then the student’s judgments about this or that life phenomenon should be based on knowledge of history (time), comprehension of the fundamentals of social life, everyday life, behavioral norms, customs and mores, cultural traditions and beliefs so that a person can objectively judge the processes taking place. To understand a work of art, the reader needs all his knowledge, all his experience. The student has little personal life experience, but by reflecting on what he read, or rather, immersing himself in reading, the young reader masters a different level of knowledge and gets the opportunity to talk about what he was not personally involved in, but experienced thanks to literature, and thus overcomes his own ignorance life fundamentals Any school subject relies on literature to reveal the beauty of human thought and the height of spiritual ideals. Especially closely related to literature is language, the source of literature, its “building material.” Literature and language programs have adjacent sections devoted to the development of oral and written speech, understanding the beauty of language, learning to use oral and written speech skills – these are the tasks of a literature lesson. The student must be inspired to master the language not only by the practical task of spelling, but also by the wisdom of knowledge about the world that is contained in the language of fiction and therefore attracts his attention. Literature is firmly connected with the course of history, social studies, philosophy, literary criticism, ethics, and aesthetics. Literature teaching arose as an expression of the social need to prepare future generations and pass on life experience to them.
References
- Abrahams, M. H. (2010). Teaching the Literature Survey Course: New Strategies for College Faculty. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English.
- Wilhelm, J. D. (2007). Reading Is Seeing: Learning to Visualize Scenes, Characters, Ideas, and Text Worlds to Improve Comprehension and Reflective Reading. New York: Scholastic.