Following the Eastern literary traditions, Magtymguly Pyragy developed the discussion genre in his work, i.e., the main direction of poetry. As an example, we can show several of his poems called “Jan içinde”, “Habar ber – şeýledir”, “Oglum – Azadym”, “Bilmezmiň”, as well as his conversations with masters of the word. Let’s take a look at some of these poems.
The poet’s poem ” Jan içinde” is an excellent example of a debate. In the 29-versed poem, birds such as bats, raccoon, falcon, crane, duck, goose, peacock, cockatoo, parrot and other animals such as deer, wolf, horse, wildebeest, donkey, camel are mentioned in the poem saying, each competes by presenting his side.
Bilbil aýdar: köşgüm bar,
Bahar gözleşigim bar,
Gülzar üçin yşkym bar,
Bagy-bossan içinde.
Anka aýdar: ýolçyýam,
Hüthüt aýdar: ilçiýem,
Süleýmana sawçyýam
Ýalan jahan içinde… [3, p. 565-566].
Thus, a total of 16 birds voice their complaints in the poem. Here too, it is not about defeating any of them, but about their character and mission. But in the words of the six animals, there is a sense of mutual respect:
At aýdar: aslym zordur,
Munça gymmatym bardyr.
Üstüme münen ärdir,
Dag-düz meýdan içinde[3, p. 567].
In Magtymguly’s works, different types of debates can be seen in Dovlettmammet Azady’s speech with his son.
Here, before we get into the story of the poem, let’s imagine a small episode: The whole gokleng tribe lives a unique and stressful life. The next day, the officials of that tribe will go to Ahmet Durrani, who declared himself king. Everything is ready. A Magtymguly’s poem was even recorded to celebrate the occasion. But for some reason the poet is humming inside. He wants to say something important, but hesitates. His Father Dowletmammet felt this a year ago. Unable to bear his son’s rumination, he sends him a message to find out his hidden secret.
Dowletmammet: Paş eýle syryňny, saklama pynhan,
Emma ki, sözümden çykmagyl, oglum!
Günde ýüz köý geler-geçer bu başa,
Agyrtma, köňlümi ýykmagyl, oglum!
Magtymguly: Utanardym, syrym paş eýlemezdim,
Paş ederin, habar alsaň, Azadym!
Ýüz köý geler-geçer her gün bu başa,
Istäri bar, sapar kylsak, Azadym! [6, p. 29].
The lines portrays the episode ahead of us. Dowletmammet’s father heart leaked the hidden secrets of Magtymguly in advance. That’s why he puts it on him in advance, saying, “Reveal the secret, but don’t break my word.” Magtymguly also made his intentions firm. The dream of traveling does not keep him still. What kind of trip the young poet is considering begins to be revealed in these words of Azady:
Jepa urma özüň, çagyr möwlany,
Arzuwlama hany, begi, soltany,
Besdir bize owwal taňry bereni,
Aldyrma köňlüňni, gitmegil, oglum! [6, p. 29].
Magtymguly hem ýeň bererli däl:
Synaýyn, göreýin, bu gün ykbalym,
Ýagşy gün, hoş sähet gelipmi salym,
Kast edip janymga, ýetse ajalym,
Bu ýerde hem bolsa, tapar, Azadym! [6, p. 30].
It can be seen that he was very complex wiserly complicated poets, on the last day, and was sheking them with other presentions in recent poets. Many you have studied those questions, the experienced poet can answer the poet for those questions. Magtymguly was a poetle of Magtymguly, “Ol kim idi, dabanyndan soýdular?” He confirms the question and confirm our opinion.
Magtymguly was in dealings with poets like Zunuby, Magrupy, Oraz han, Orazmengli, they mentioned other than the poet. Let’s address an instance in this field:
Bizden salam, Orazmeňli şahyra!
Musulman, käfiriň parhy kimdedir?
Ol ne guşdur gonar adam serine,
Anyň gonar, gonmaz erki kimdedir? [5, p. 40].
One of the poets who maintained poetical contact with the great wordsmith Magtymguly Pyragy is Zunubi, a typical representative of 18th century Turkmen literature.
Zunubi was older than Magtymguly. Magtymguly addressed him as “teacher, master”. In their conversation:
Resul gündür, imdi hasap tutaly,
Müň iki ýüz on bir ýyldyr biteli,
Ajal köpri, gel, didara ýeteli,
Zunuby diýr, bizden habar şeýledir –
– The lines reveal when the poets were speaking. Literary scholar K. Atayev in his collection “Edebi tapyndylar” states that ” Zenubynyň 1796-njy ýylda goşgy aýdyşandygy belli bolýar” [1, p. 27].
Another of Magtymguly’s poets is Gurbanaly Magrupy. The Poet:
– Gel, Magrupy, jowap ber, ol nedir, diwany tört?
Melaýyga gurulgan ol nedir, eýwany tört?
Ol ne ýaýdyr, çekiler anyň doh peýkany tört?
Ber jowabyn bu sözüň, hepde-ýu gurbany tört? [5, p. 96]. –
– addressed to Magrupy with the song “Eýwany tört”. Magrupy:
– Tapdym jowabyn, şahyr, ömrüňdir, diwany tört,
Melaýyga gurulgan mejlisiň eýwany tört,
Iman okdur, atlary, anyň doh-peýkany tört,
Şahymerdan Alynyň ähd ile peýmany tört,
Bir aýyň tört hepdesi jumgadyr – gurbany tört [5, p. 122] –
– he replied to Pyragy’s questions.
Magtymguly’s “Bilmezmiň” poem, which consists of seven stanzas, is a complete debate. Let’s limit ourselves to taking two of his verse as an example:
Galam alyp, namany gönderdigim bilmezmiň?
Efsun urup, hüthüti inderdigim bilmezmiň?
Arş üstüne galdyryp, mündürdigim bilmezmiň?
Dört gije, üç gün aglap, diňdirdigim bilmezmiň?
Eşek münüp Isa dek, ýeldirdigim bilmezmiň? [4, p. 96]
Summing up, Magtymguly Pyragy’s works in the debate genre fulfilled the task of striving for power through poetry in the field of literature and contributed to the improvement of poets.
References
- Ataýew K. Edebi tapyndylar. – Aşgabat: Türkmenistan, 1980.
- Bekmyradow A. Magtymgulynyň poeziýasynda şahyrana däp hem täzeçillik gözlegleri. – Aşgabat: Ylym, 1989.
- Magtymguly. Saýlanan goşgular. – Aşgabat: Türkmenistan, 1977.
- Magtymguly. Şygyrlar. Üç tomluk. I tom. – Aşgabat: Türkmenistan, 1992.
- Magtymguly. Şygyrlar. Üç tomluk. II tom. – Aşgabat: Türkmenistan, 1994.
- Magtymguly. Eserler ýygyndysy. – Aşgabat: Yylym, 2014.
- Nuralyýew D. Çeper mazmunyň differensirleniş prosesi. – Aşgabat: Ylym, 1975.
- Türkmen diliniň düşündirişli sözlügi. II tom. – Aşgabat: TDNG, 2016.