The elegies in the creation of the great thinker Magtymguly express the longing and sorrow of the people. Elegy is associated with various aspects of human life and describes sad moments. Pyragy created works in a language understandable to the public and managed to win a place in their hearts.

In the 18th century, with the emergence of social and political development in the Turkmen land, literature began to break away from the ancient literary traditions, depart from the previous norms, and create works related to the specific life of the people. Magtymguly Pyragy is the poet who stands at the beginning of this beginning. An idea that runs through the literature of this period, including the elegies, is the idea of unity.

Magtymguly Pyragy’s elegies dedicated to Chowdur Khan, a prominent historical figure of his time, are a life description of this person and invaluable in the comprehensive study of the situation of the time. These elegies are not only works of mourning for the deceased person, but they are proof that the person has done great services for the Turkmen state, and sacrificed his life for the sake of the people. The poet calls those who sacrificed themselves for the sake of the motherland as merdana. To the list of the poet’s elegies, which reveal the lives of historical figures whose fate is directly connected with the fate of the Turkmen people, one can add such works as ” Çowdur han”, ” Çowdur han üçin”, ” Zarlar içinde”. Magtymguly’s elegies about Chowdur Khan have a clear historical context, and the ideas and descriptions given to Chowdur Khan are closely related to the hero’s actual services and deeds. At the same time, the poet fills these elegies with specific psychological content. Chowdur Khan’s sacrifice for the country was connected with his patriotic feelings. Boundless love for the country, protection of its independence, if necessary, sacrificing one’s life are the patriotic feelings that the poet instilled in these works. These elegies describe a real, historical event:

Ahmet patyşadan habar tutmaga,

Umyt etdi iller Çowdur han üçin.

Sag baryp, salamat gaýdyp gelmäge,

Oňmady ykballar Çowdur han üçin [3, p. 20].

The hero depicted in Magtymguly’s work is a person found in the events connected with the fate of Turkmen life, his country, his personal life and his service to the country.

Yzyňda galdylar il intizaryň,

Umyt bilen gezdi Annahal ýaryň,

Atanazar boldy çekerge zaryň,

Gözleý-gözleý ýollar Çowdur han üçin [3, p. 20].

The hero’s justice, honesty, loyalty to his country is justified by his action – going to Afghanistan for having a conversation and dying there:

Dolandylar Hindistana baranlar,

Eňreşdiler merdan adyň soranlar,

Kelamylla açyp, ykbal garanlar,

Tapmady derdiňe derman, Çowdur han [3, p. 22].

There is very little information about Chowdur Khan in historical sources. His life, his reputation in the country, and the fact that Magtymguly also relied on him to protect the Motherland are artistically described in his elegy called “Zarlar içinde”:

Çowdur han, görejim, göwün diregim,

Sen wepat bolup sen zarlar içinde.

Gökleňde pälwanym, ile geregim,

Halky goýup gitdiň narlar içinde [3, p. 22].

It seems that the poet’s visits, which he had been hoping for all year, are not going to end soon, and the people’s grief goes up to the sky:

Malyn taşlap geldi çopan-çoluklar,

Kenara çykdylar suwdan balyklar,

Özün tuta bilmän ýerde halklar,

Tartdylar barysy efgan, Çowdur han [3, p. 21].

The essence of the elegy is related to the public significance of Chowdur Khan’s work. This loss is deeply mourned, not only because of the death of a specific individual, but also because of the fact that a young man gave his life for the sake of the country.

Gelebilmez idi badyňdan duşman,

Gelen tapdy gitdi zoruňdan puşman,

Goja dagdan bäri – gökleňe aşman,

Bizi goýup gitdiň marlar içinde [3, p. 22].

Magtymguly’s elegies related to Chowdur Khan are emotionally powerful works. Here, the poet’s anger comes out with a twist.

Of course, besides Chowdur Khan, there were many brave and courageous people at that time, who also did great things for the sake of the people. However, historical information was not withheld from Keýmir kör, a glorious folk hero of the 18th century, who lived during the reign of Nedir şa, and others. Accordingly, the works of our classical poets, adding voice to the voice of their time, are invaluable information in the comprehensive study of the lives of the sons of the people who brought the history forward. For example, Magtymguly’s elegies dedicated to commanders such as “Çowdur han” and “Döwletaly”, Shabende’s “Hojamberdi Khan”, and Magrupy’s ” Döwletýar ” dessans are of great importance in restoring the patriotic history of our people and enlivening the image of our historical figures. In the works of Magtymguly, there are several other elegies written dedicated to the brave commanders of his time. The idea of unity lies in the essence of these works, they aimed to call people not to give up on that idea no matter how many difficulties they face. The revolution of the 18th century Turkmen literature was motivated by this idea, and related issues were systematically developed.

Magtymguly, uçdy ol algyr guşum,

Arkadagym, eziz syrdaş, gardaşym,

Many saça bilmez çalaran başym,

Büräp aldy ony duman, Çowdur han [3, p. 22].

Hojamberdi says that Shabende will deliver his praise:

Han Hojamberdi diýer, aýrylar bu jan bedenden,

Ol biler, waspym ýazar, siz sorsaňyz Şabendeden [4, p. 51].

Magrupy described as the pir of Beg in the dessan “Döwletýar”:

Rakypga aldyrma watanym, ýerim,

Gaýdanym görmedi ol esrik nerim,

Ýetişmeýen galdy Magrupy pirim,

Durna, salam ýetir biziň illere [2, p. 112].

As we can see, it is possible to find a close relationship between these works. To sum up, grief in Turkmen elegies is not limited to one or two people. He draws the surroundings, relatives, relatives of the deceased to the same longing, which is a national characteristic of Turkmen elegies. Magtymguly’s elegies are an invaluable source of 18th century Turkmen life.

1. Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow. Garaşsyzlyga guwanmak, Watany, halky söýmek bagtdyr. – Aşgabat: TDNG, 2011.
2. Gurbanaly Magrupy. Döwletýar. – Aşgabat: “Türkmenistan”, 1978.
3. Magtymguly. I jilt. – Aşgabat: “Ylym”, 2013.
4. Şabende. Hojamberdi han. – Aşgabat, 1993.

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