Some of the verbs used in the dictionary of the Turkmen language can be found in the Persian language. They are used not only as verbs but also as nouns in Persian. As an example of this, in the work entitled “Usage of verbs of Turkmen (Turkic) origin in the Persian language”, it was investigated that verbs such as gadagan etmek, gaýçylamak, jar çekmek, elemek, kömekleşmek, çapawullamak, gapmak are actively used in the dictionary of the Persian language. In addition, it was envisaged to study the original meanings of the mentioned verbs in both languages. These works can be found in the lively conversation of the Persian language and in the works of classical literature.

In the Turkmen language, the verb “gadagan etmek” has the meaning of the word “gadagan” and this word consists of the ancient Turkmen (Turkic) verb “gad” and the suffixes “-a” and “-gan”. The word “gad”  means “to go forward, to stop looking” [14, p. 151]. For example: Eger-de olaryň biz bilen pikiri gabat gelmeýän bolsa, olara töhmet atmak hem gadagan [13, p. 105]. A second word, and a prohibition that contradicts the above meaning, is “Surnugýançaň işleme!” [13, p. 221].

In Persian, the verb “gadagan etmek” is used in the form of قدغن کردن  (gädägän kärdän). The first part of this verb, قدغن (gädägän), is a direct copy of the Turkmen word “gadagan”. The word is also used as a lexical item with an independent meaning. In Persian, the کردن (kärdän) “etmek” part of the second participle of the verb فعل کمکی (fe’l-e komäki) also serves as an auxiliary verb. As in the Turkmen language, this verb can be found in the Persian language as well in the meanings such as “ygtyýar, ýol bermezlik” [22, p. 208]. For instance: درمکان ورزشی بانوان ورود آقایان قدغن است. Zenanlaryň türgenleşýän sport meýdançasyna erkeklere girmek gadagan. عبور وسایل غیر مجاز قدغن است Rugsat berilmedik ulag serişdelerine geçmek gadagan [23, p. 5497].

In the Turkmen language, the word “gaýçylamak” from the verb “gaýçy” comes from the root of the ancient Turkmen (Turkic) verb “gıy” and the suffix “-yjy”. The meaning is “gyýyjy, kesiji” and then the first “-y” sound of this name is changed to “a” sound and the word “gaýçy” is made. That is, the act of “gaýçylamak” also originated on this basis [14, p. 163]. For example: Baglar gaýçylanyp timarlandy. Mata gaýçylanyp kesim-kesim edilipdir [16, p. 393].

In Persian, the verb “gaýçylamak” is used in the form of قیچی کردن  (geýçi kärdän). The first part of this verb is  قیچی (geýçi) is a derivative of the Turkmen word “gaýçy”. This word is also used as an independent word. In Persian, the کردن (kärdän) “etmek” part of the second participle of the verb فعل کمکی (fe’l-e komäki) also serves as an auxiliary verb. As in the Turkmen language, this verb is also used in the Persian language in the sense of “gaýçy bilen kesmek, gyrkmak” [22, p. 224]. For example: عکس های مجله را قیچی کرد و برداشت Žurnalyň suratlaryny gaýçylap aldy دختر قالی باف خامه را قیچی می زند. Dokmaçy gyz ýüplügi gaýçylaýar [23, p.5623].

In the Turkmen language, the verb “jar çekmek” is from the Turkmen (Turkic) word “jar” which means “bir zat barada gygyryp habar bermegi”. This word is actually derived from the simile of sound like “çarlamak, jarlamak, gygyrmak“. In the past, loud-voiced people were hired to shout important messages in crowded places (weddings, markets) and were called heralds. The verb “jar çekmek” also originated on this basis [14, p. 221]. For example: Ol biriniň jar çekdirýän sesini eşidip, özüne gelipdir [13, p. 412]. Hökümdar şol sebitlere habar berip, ogly üçin mynasyp terbiýeçini görmek isleýändigini jar çekdiripdir [13, p. 479].

In the Persian language, the verb “jar çekmek” is used in the form of جار زدن  (jar zädän). The first part of this verb jar (jar), the word “jar” is considered to be a derivative of the word “jar” in the Turkmen language. This word is also used as an independent word. As in the Turkmen language, this verb is also used in the Persian language in the sense of “bir habary halka sesli mälim etmek” [22, p. 113]. For example:   مامور شد جار بزند و خبر را به همه برساند Oňa habary hemme adamalara ýetirmek üçin jar çekmek tabşyryldy. هنوز چیزی نشده که جار بزنی Entäk jar çeker ýaly hiç zat bolmady [23, p. 2059].

The origin of the verb “elemek” in the Turkmen language is connected with the word “elek” which means “iki el bilen hereketlendirilip, un, däne we ş.m. elemek.” The name of this tool is derived from the ancient Turkmen (Turkic) word ”el”. However, the use of the words “egli, egle” in the sense of “ele” in Uyghur and Tyva languages also shows that the name of this tool comes from the verb “egmek”. The word “eglek” is composed of the root “-eg” and the suffixes “-le” and “-k” and means “iki el bilen işledilýän”[14, p. 139 p.]. For example: Ogulmeňli un eleýär [16, p. 324].

In Persian, the verb “elemek” is used in the form of الک کردن )äläk kärdän). The first part of this verb, الک (äläk) “elek” was introduced into the Persian language from the dictionary of the Turkmen language. The word is also used as a lexical item with an independent meaning. In the Persian language, the second participle of this verb کردن )kärdän) also serves as an auxiliary verb فعل کمکی )fe’l-e komäki). As in the Turkmen language, this verb is also used in the Persian language as “un we ş.m. külke zatlary elekden geçirmek” [22, p. 38]. بیایم. Men bazardan gelýänçäm şu uny eläp goý [23, p. 538].

Pars dilinde «kömekleşmek» işligi کمک کردن )komäk kärdän) şekilinde ulanylýar. Bu işligiň birinji کمک (komäk) «kömek» bölegi türkmen dilindäki «kömek» sözüniň kalkasydyr. Bu söz özbaşdak manyly söz hökmünde hem ulanylýar. Pars dilinde bu işligiň ikinji bölegi  کردن )kärdän) «etmek» işligi hem فعل کمکی )fe’l-e komäki) kömekçi işligiň hyzmatyny ýerine ýetirýär. Bu işlik türkmen dilinde bolşy ýaly, pars dilinde hem «birine kömek etmek, goldaw bermek» ýaly manylarda duş gelýär [22, p. 261]. Mysal üçin: احساس کرد که من می توانم به او کمک کنم Men oňa kömekleşerin diýip düşündi. وصیت می کنم که شما ها به خانواده اش کمک کنید  Size maşgalasyna kömek etmegiňizi tabşyrýan [23, p. 5934].

In the Turkmen language, the verb “kömekleşmek” is derived from the ancient Turkmen (Turkic) word “üme” and means “birine berilýän goldaw, hemaýat, ýardam”. That is, if we consider the word “üme” as a root, the word “kömek” is formed by adding the suffix “-k”. That is, the verb “kömekleşmek” also arises on this basis [14, p. 376]. For example: Biz ylgaşyp baryp, ýaňky horjunlary, sandyklary düşürmäge kömekleşdik [13, p. 545]. Aýalym bolsa çagalar bilen bilelikde olaryň öý işlerine kömekleşýär [13, p. 431].

In Persian, the verb “kömekleşmek” is used in the auxiliary form. The first auxiliary part of this verb کمک (komäk) is a derivative of the Turkmen word “kömek”. This word is also used as an independent word. In Persian, the second part of this verb is the participle کردن (kärdän), the verb “etmek” and the verb فعل کمکی (fe’l-e komäki) serves as an auxiliary verb. As in the Turkmen language, this verb is also found in the Persian language in the meaning of “birine kömek etmek, goldaw bermek” [22, p. 261]. For example: احساس کرد که من می توانم به او کمک کنم Men oňa kömekleşerin diýip düşündi. وصیت می کنم که شما ها به خانواده اش کمک کنید  Size maşgalasyna kömek etmegiňizi tabşyrýan [23, p. 5934].

In the Turkmen language, the verb “çapawullamak” is derived from the ancient Turkmen (Turkic) verb “çap” and is found in meanings such as “dökül, gapyl bas, duýdansyz çoz”. Then “çap” gets the suffix “-a” at the end of the verb root and “-wul” which is used instead of the professional suffix “-çy” which is common to Turkic and Mongolian languages [14, p. 397]. For example: Göroglynyň ýurduna çozup, ýeten ýerindäki galany çapawullapdy [8, p. 487]. Aý, iniň çapawul etdi, çapawul! [8, p. 77].

In Persian, the verb “çapawullamak” is used in the form of کردن  چپاول (çäpawol kärdän). The first چپاول (çäpawol) part of this verb is considered to be the root of the Turkmen word “çapawul”. This word functions as a noun in Persian with the preposition (چی çi,گر gär). In Persian, the second part of this verb is the participle کردن (kärdän), the verb “etmek” and the verb فعل کمکی (fe’l-e komäki) serves as an auxiliary verb.  As in the Turkmen language, this verb is also used in the Persian language in the sense of “talaňçylyk işi bilen meşgullanmak, ýagmalamak” [22, p. 137]. For instance: مال جماعت را چپاول کرده برده اند Jemagatyň mal-mülküni çapawullap äkitdiler. قافله زیادی را چپاول کردند Köp taýpany çapawulladyla  [23, p. 2292].

In the Turkmen language, the verb “gapmak” is derived from the ancient Turkmen (Turkic) word “gap” and is found in meanings such as “tutmak, dişlemek, agyz salmak, ele salmak” [14, p. 157]. For example: Ol gaýmalaşyp gelýän ownuk kagyz bölejikleriniň birini hem ýere gaçyrman gapyp almagyň hötdesinden gelipdir [13, p. 445]. Düýe köşegini gowy görse, hem deper hem gapar [13, p. 375].

In Persian, the verb “gapmak” is used in the form of قاپیدن  (gapidän), قاپ زدن  (gap zädän). The root of this verb قاپ (gap) comes from Turkic languages to Persian. This word is not used as a lexical item with independent meaning. As in the Turkmen language, this verb corresponds to the meanings of “tutmak, dişlemek, agyz salmak, ele salmak” in the Persian language [22, p. 196]. For example: سگ پای او را قاپید It onuň aýagyny gapdy. اسکناس را که هنوز در هوا معلق می زد قاپیدند Heniz howada gaýmalap ýören puly gapdylar [23, p. 5441].

Turkmen and Persian languages are not relative languages. Each of them belongs to a separate language families. The verbs that are the object of this analysis called the use of Turkmen (Turkic) root verbs in the Persian language, the words of the two peoples’ vocabulary were analyzed from the etymological and historical point of view of the language and their interaction with each other.

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