AN AIM, CAUSE, SIMILES, COMPARISON OF PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES IN PERSIAN

Akmammedowa Bahar1, Ataniyazova Bahar1
1Dovletmammet Azadi Turkmen National Institute of World Languages, Senior Lecturer in the Department of Middle Eastern Languages

Abstract
The most aspects used in modern Turkmen grammar structure make the ideas and thoughts of communication much more understandable and clearer. Although words without lexical meaning of Turkmen and Persian languages have been studied before, the problem of comparing them and revealing their common and different aspects is useful for the theory and practice of translation in general all of them are helpful to learn these languages. On the one hand, this helps facilitate and increase language learning, on the other hand, it ensures the reliability of language learning, the student understands of the grammatical features and their correct usage.

Keywords: Persian language, prepositional phrases


Category: 10.00.00 Philology

Article reference:
Akmammedowa B., Ataniyazova B. An aim, cause, similes, comparison of prepositional phrases in Persian // Modern scientific researches and innovations. 2024. № 2 [Electronic journal]. URL: https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2024/02/101543

View this article in Russian

The rich grammatical structure of the modern Turkmen language, the numerous means used in it help to clearly express the concept and thought expressed in speech communication. Connectives, in turn, are considered to be a necessary means of “connecting words that have an independent meaning and are dependent on each other, and showing all kinds of semantic relationships between them.” Although words without such independent lexical meaning have been previously studied in each of the Turkmen and Persian languages, the problem of comparing them and revealing their common and different aspects is useful for the theory and practice of translation, as well as for the study of these languages. To a certain extent, it contributes to the rapid mastery of the Persian language and the correctness of speech.

The unique grammatical features of the endings of the Turkmen language are specially studied by the linguist M. Hydyrov from a historical point of view and are presented in detail. In the book “Türkmen diliniň grammatikasy. Morfologiýa” [6; 471], the words are included in the group of auxiliary words and are presented as words that differ in their unique lexical-grammatical characteristics. Bilen, ýaly, sumak, tetelli, dek, kimin, üçin, sebäpli, zerarly, jähtli, boýunça, hakda, barada, dogruda, arkaly, bäri, boýy, tarapyndan, saýyn, sary, hökmünde, mynasybetli, taýdan, çenli, çemeli, çemesi, möçberi, töweregi, tarap, bakan, göra, garşy, golaý, ýakyn, garanda, seredende, garaman, garamazdan, bakmazdan, öň, öňinçä, soň, soňra, başga özge, gaýry, aňryk, beýläk, şeýläk, yaňa, ötri, beter, artyk, zyýat, zyýada, daşary, gowrak and etc. are included to the group of connectives. They show different types of grammatical meaning relationships such as scope, time, direction, ability, cause, purpose, simile, comparison.

Grammatical semantic relationships similar to the connectives of the Turkmen language (scope, time, direction, ability, cause, purpose, simile, comparison) such as ta, bi, na, az, sehele, and wah, and some special words. When Turkmen texts are translated, it can be seen more clearly that Turkmen connectives and Persian prepositions perform the same grammatical function. Examples include:

Purpose connectives and their prepositional phrases in Persian:

Şeýle gymmatlyklary döretmek üçinbolsa ensiklopediki  aň-düşünjäniň bolmagy zerur. [5;44]

برای نگارش چنین ارزشها پی داشتن تبحر ومعلومات همه جانبه، مطالعه کتاب وتحقیقات پی در پی ضروریست.

     Hormatly Prezidentimiz Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow bu sogap işleriň,        ýagny olary toplamagyň we türkmen okyjysyna ýetirmegiň aladasy bilen                ýaşaýar, onuň üçin ähli mümkinçilikler döredýär, hemaýat edýär.  [5;34]

قربانقلی بردیمحمدوفرئیس جمهور ترکمنستانجهت جمع آواری آثار ارزشمند و ارائه آنها مطالعه کنندگان ترکمن تلاش فرا.انی منوده و برای این منظور تمامی امکانات لازم را فراهم می سازند.

Ine, indiki gezek Bama gideniňde şu pullaryňỳ etenine köỳnekli kak mata, balaklyk üçin hem garamata alyp gel. [3;58]

پس هنگام رفتن به بم برای این پولها پارچه سفید، برای دوخت شلوار پارچه سیاه را بیاور.

Kuwwat pälwan öỳüne dolanyp  gelip, ỳüze çykan ahwalata düşünmek üçin  kelle döwüp başlaỳar. [3;19]

پهلوان قوت با بازگشت به خانه، برای درک به رویداد رخ شد وفکر می کند.

Sizi ỳykyp, baỳrak almak üçin gelendir-ä öỳtmäň.[3;18]

فکر نکنید که با افتادن شما  برای کسب جایزه بیامدم.

Ol soňra Watan ugrundaky söweşlere gatnaşyp, türkmeniň goç ýigidine mahsus bolan edermenlik görkezýär, söweşleriň birinde agyr ýaralanýar. [5;13]

سپس وی در نبردهای میهنی مشارکت نموده و از خود قهرمانی ها  و دلاوری های  و شجاعت کم نظیر ، مخصوص فرزندان غیور ترکمن را به نمایش می گذارد و در یکی از این نبرد  و ستیزها شدیداً مجروح می شود.

Cause connectives and their prepositional phrases in Persian:

 

In the Turkmen language, the cause connectives such as sebäpli, zerarly, çünki, üçin, in the Persian language, have the same meaning as از این جهت که, به این سبب که, زیرا. It shows the state of the movement, the cause and purpose of its occurrence. For example:

     Eger şol syr Gara batyryň öz syry bolan bolsa, ol muny Dykma serdardan gizläp durmasa-da durmazdy. Sebäbi ol Öwezmyrat batyryň aýdanlaryna garaman, heniz Dykma serdara ynanýardy. [4;19]

 از این جهت که او به گفته های اوزمراد باتر نظر نمی کرد و به دکمه سردار باور می کرد.

Elbetde, barly-gurply hem hossarly adamlaryň neslinden bolsaň, dönükler begenýär. Sebäbi onuň bahasy gymmat boljak, düşewündi kän boljak. [4;36]

به این سبب که قیمت آن گران خواهد شد و سودمند می شود

Asyl men bu zatlary ýadymdanam çykarypdyryn. Sebäbi öz doganlarymyň ýanynda gadyrym bolmansoň, ilden hiç zady aýyp eder ýaly däldi.[4;37]

 زیرا من در کنار برادرانم قدر نداشتم به همین دلیل از دیگران عیب جویی نمی کنم.

Ol eýýäm gylyjynyň baljagyny ýazdyrypdy. Sebäbi meniň ýaly gedaý öldi, it öldi tapawudy ýokdy.[4;39]

زیرا تفاوتی نداشت که قدایی مثل من بمیرد یا یک سگ بمیرد

Meniň ýaly gapy syryp ýören gedaýyň kellesini alyp: “ Aý, bu jansyz, dönük” diýip, kellesini derwezeden asýardylar. Sebäbi olarda hossar ýok. [4;39]

زیرا آنها کمک کسی را نداشتند.

–         Ýok, ýok ýöne soraýdym – diýip, Stepan syr bildirmedi. – Sebäbi sen öz demirgyryňy gaty görýärsiň. [4;41]

زیرا تو آهنگ خود را محکم می دانی.

Serdaryň endamy jümşüldäp, depesiniň tüýi üýşüp gitdi. Sebäbi Dykma serdaryň iň mekir, iň gorkuly hasaplanýany Öwezmyrat batyr hem onuň atlysydy. [4;50]

زیرا اوزمراد باتر که مکار و ترسناکتر از دکمه سردار به حسات می آمد پدر او بود

Similes, comparative connectives and Persian prepostional phrases

Words such as ýaly, kimin, dek, deý ýaly which are used in the Turkmen language, are similar in meaning to the prepositional phrases , مانند ,چنین, used in the Persian language. Whatever they are, they indicate that a thing, a situation, an event, or a movement is caused by another thing, event, situation, or movement. In Turkmen language, these auxiliary words can be preceded by words belonging to different word groups (nouns, adjectives, adverbs, verbs, modal words, as well as, in rare cases, numbers). This situation can be observed in Persian language as well. For example:

Birdenem asman ähli suwuny döken ỳaly  dünỳäni suw sil edip, çagba geldi… [3;9]

 ناگهان از آسمان باران شدیدی بارید و همه جارا آب فرا گرفت گویا که آسمان همه آبهایش را به زمین ریخته است.

Ỳeriň ỳüzünde nämeleriň bolup geçỳänligini görmäge  gyssanỳan ỳaly, Günem lowurdap dogdy.[3;9]

آفتاب شتابانه نورخودرا به زمین شعله ور ساخت مثل اینکه برای دانستن اتفاقات روی زمین عجله دارد.

Dyňzap gelen şatlyk onuň damagyna doldy-da, gözleri nemlenen  ỳaly boldy.[3;9]

شادی و سرور ناگهانی بغض گویش را گرفت مثل اینکه از چشمانش پرنم شد.

Ỳöne ol bular ỳaly köpçülikde  aỳan ediljek syr däl. [3;23]   

اما او سری نیست که در چنین جمعیتی آشکار گردد

Mähri-mylakatly , mähek ỳaly çagajyk enesiniň iň söỳgüli agtygy bolup galdy. [3;34]

طفلک خوش گفتار،  مانند سنگ محک عزیزترین نوه مادر بزرگش شد

Dynç alyş güni anna güni bolansoň, onuň öň ỳanyndaky penşenbede geçirilỳän sapaklar göwnüňe  uzyn, kyn ỳaly bolup duỳulỳardy. [3;37]

چون جمعه روز تعطیل است چنین احساس می کردم که دروس روز پنج شنبه درازتر و مشکل تر است

Käte-käte ol özüni  bu ak telpekli , syratly adam bilen ỳüzbe-ỳüz  oturyp gürleşỳän ỳaly duỳdy.[3;50]

 گاه گاهی او احساس می کرد مثل روبروی این شخص خوش قیافه که کلاه سفیدی سر دارد نشسته است و با او حرف می زند.

Berdimuhamet içi üzülen ỳaly, agyr duỳga gaplandy.[3;62]

 بردی محمد گویا درد درونش پیدا شده باشد به احساس سنگینی فرو رفت

Ol öỳjügi gorjalan arylar ỳaly, hüzzerilip daşyny gaplap duranlaryň  hemmesini utỳardy.[3;65]

او مانند زنبورهای که خانه شان را خراب کرده باشد، با یک حرکت عجولانه اشخاص دورا دور خودرا در بازی شطرنج می برد
Kuwwat pälwanyň  bäsdeşini  dyzyna alyp, ỳerden bir göterenden soň, entek  onuň emelinden gutaran pälwan  çille mes iner kimin  kükredi. [3;2

پس از اینکه پهلوان قوه، رقیب خود را بر زانو گرفته یکدفعه از زمین بالا برده است، هنوز پهلوانی که از عمل او نجات پیدا کرده مثل غرش فعره کشید.

Öwezmyrat ýaly arslan kimin täze doganymy şol namart doganlarym ýalylaryň müňüsi bilen çalyşman. [4;33]

برادر جدیدم که مانند اوزمراد باتر است را با هزاران برادران نامردعوض نمی کنم.

It is important to study Turkmen connectives and Persian prepositional phrases in such meaning and usage. On the one hand, this facilitates and speeds up language learning, and on the other hand, it ensures the reliability of language learning, the student’s deep understanding of the grammatical features of the professional language, and their correct use.


References
  1. Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow. Ömrümiň manysy. Aşgabat, 2022
  2. Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow. Abadançylygyň röwşen gadamlary. Aşgabat, 2022
  3. Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, Alem içre at gezer-Aşgabat, 2012 ý.
  4. Gowşudow A. “Perman” romany Aşgabat, “Türkmenistan”, 1989
  5. Jürdekow T. Ata arzuwyny amala aşyrýan agtyk. Aşgabat, 2009 .
  6. Türkmen diliniň grammatikasy. Morfologiýa. Aşgabat, 1999
  7. Рубинчик Ю.A. Персидский -русский словарь. I-II том. – М. 1970
  8. Рубинчик Ю.А..  Грамматика  современного литературного  персидского языка. – M. “Восточная литература”. РАН. 2001, 312 с.


All articles of author «author»


© If you have found a violation of copyrights please notify us immediately by e-mail or feedback form.

Contact author (comments/reviews)

Write comment

You must authorise to write a comment.

Если Вы еще не зарегистрированы на сайте, то Вам необходимо зарегистрироваться:
  • Register