Means that have experienced certain grammatical events in the Turkmen language, have lost their lexical function, and serve only to express grammatical meaning, i.e., auxiliaries that have experienced the phenomenon of grammaticalization are also used as a means of expression in poems.

In the poems of Magtymguly Pyragy, many types of auxiliaries are used to express different kinds of meaning relationships. Words that occur in poems are derived from words that appear in the subject, possessive, accusative, and exclamatory clauses. Accordingly, the words used in the poems can be divided into several groups according to the word endings.

a)    Some conjunctions that come with the words in the nominative case come in the service of the word ending and denote the means by which the action takes place:  

Doga bilen är dörär,

Ýagmyr bilen ýer gögär,

Är oldur – alkyş alar,

Ýerlerge baran gerek. [4,156]

Baş bile barsam aňa, handan olursa güzeri,

Tutsam ol ýerde watan, ol ýer ki onuň ýoludyr. [6,17]

Diýerdi ýar: Men aşygym öz elim-le katl edem,

Ondan owwal gam meni gaýmal edip almalydyr. [6,17]

Näge hyýal etsem, ele getirdim,

Kaýda baksam, oňa nazar ýetirdim,

Bu hal ile men parahat ýatyrdym,

Ýüzüme tüýküip: “Tur, gul!!” diýdiler. [6,17]

b)    It means matching the word ending with the words in nominative case:  

Sapar edip barsaň Nuha mülküne,

Köňül isläni dek ýaýlaňlar bilen,

Seýran etsek gunçasyna, gülüne,

Bakjasynda bilbil oýnahlary [4,135]

Ýamany goý, ýagşylyga göz ildir,

Kelhemeç hem: «Öz oglanym gözel diýr».

Gargyş gurduň zürýadyny azaldyr,

Goýun kimin çar tarapa il bolgul. [6,377]

Magtymguly, hyýal düşüp özüme,

Köp tomaşa gelip, geçer gözüme,

Eşidenler, aýp etmesin sözüme,

Iller kimin sözüm uz hem bolmasa. [6,347]

c) The words in nominative case, meaning the concept of purpose, result, cause:

Bilbil aýdar: köşküm bar,

Bahar gözleşigim bar,

Gülzar üçin yşkym bar

Bagy-bostan içinde  [4,139]

Guş-gumursy idäp dagdan geçdiler,

Balyklar ýol diýip suwun içdiler,

Gelin-gyzlar gyrmyz donlar biçdiler,

Kamysdan lybaslar hem don, Çowdur han. [6, 29]

d) Possessive adjectives indicate the place where the action occurs:  

Gaýry-le bezm eýleýip, eýlese hoş köňlüni ýar,

Mejlis içre ýat edip diý: «Ol garyp gaýgylydyr». [6,17]

e) In the words of objective case, refers to the concept of space, direction, and spatial awareness:

Kürresi elinden gitse eşegiň,

Telmirip tört ýana gözlär uşagyn,

Akmaýa aldyrsa elden köşegin,

Bagryn bozup, bozlamaýan bolarmy? [4,195]

f) The speaker comes up with the words in dative case and expresses the meaning of time:  

Ýaşlygyň gadryn bilgil,

Tä ulaşmazdan burun  [6,538]

 f ) come up with the words in dative case and make a comparison:   

Magtymguly, akyl-huşuň,

Akdy gözden ganly ýaşyň,

Ellä ýetdi gamly başyň,

Mundan gaýry perýat bolmaz. [6,311]

As it can be seen from the examples, in poems, auxiliary words served as a unique means of maintaining the syntactic relationship between words, giving different types of grammatical meaning, and expressing life events, as well as concepts. Among them, if you look at the comments from the other helper service, you can see that the linker is more active with the latter service. In the poems, the word has undergone certain phonetic changes, and even its shortened forms such as le and le are found. By means of these auxiliaries used with phonetic options, the meanings of familiarity, commonality, and unity are expressed. This situation can be explained by external linguistic conditions – the main idea-content of the poet’s great poems, as well as internal language conditions – the more active of certain means compared to others. In the language of the poems, we can also see the active use of verbs such as who, who.

Thus, Magtymguly Pyragy’s ideas about unity, free speech, and statehood expressed in his poems by using the rich resources of our mother tongue, on the one hand, reveal the depth and value of the spiritual world of our nation, on the other hand, the richness of the lexical composition of our mother tongue. It is the perception of the perfection of the grammatical structure that clarifies the views.

Word and phraseological units are synonymous, antonymic, etc. They form multifaceted semantic connections. Scholars have paid attention to synonomic relations between words and phraseological units.

The problem of connection of the meanings of phraseology with the semantics of the components that make them up and can be used as independent lexical units remains one of the unsolved and at the same time controversial problems.

Among linguists, there are different opinions about whether a word retains its semantic features in the structure of a phraseology. Some scientists think that “a word that is part of a phraseological unit loses its main feature, that is, it remains lexically meaningless.” In fact, the analysis has shown that the meaning of a phraseological unit is not just a simple combination of the meanings of its constituent parts. At the same time, the semantics of the phraseology and its components retain some special connections. As you know, phraseology is formed on the basis of the lexical fund that exists in the language. Some words can be part of a whole group of phraseological units, and some can only form single phraseological units.

Based on the analysis of phraseological units of the Arabic language and their components from the point of view of lexical-semantic connections, the following types can be distinguished among them:

1) phraseological units whose meaning does not depend on the semantics of the lexical units that make them up;

2) phraseological units whose components cannot be connected in free use. The meanings of the phraseological units belonging to this group are based on a figurative view of the objects and phenomena of reality.

All the components of phraseology have their own meaning and are used as an independent unit. But the semantic meaning of a phraseological unit is not related to the lexical meanings of its constituent parts. It is based on the fact that the entire vocabulary comes to a figurative meaning as a result of complex interactions and connections (association) that occur in the minds of representatives of the native language. The figurative meaning is based on the similarity of appearance, structure, characteristic features of things and events. For example,

A phrase, acting in the service of phraseology, loses the characteristic features of the phrase and turns into another unit that retains its own characteristics. It is not denied that phraseologisms and the phrases that make them up can act in language individually, but this does not mean that they can be used as a homonymous series. Because phraseology is qualitatively different from the word structure that forms it.

In most cases, the concepts expressed by phraseology can also be expressed in words. For example, the Arabic word for ” ýitmek” is ” باد” and the phraseology ” ذهب كأمس دابر” is used.

The difference between phraseological units and free phrases is more obvious when it is possible to compare them from the point of view of homonyms. Their similarity is determined by their syntactic structure, and their difference is evident by the semantic connection and imagery of the components.

A group of phraseology refers to a higher degree of sign or a stronger dynamic of action:

In most cases, the use of phraseology in speech is conditioned by the need to express the speaker’s emotional relationship to a certain thing or situation:

Based on the results, it can be noted that words belonging to certain groups are actively used in the composition of phraseology. These may include:

- words meaning mind, intelligence, will, desire;

- names of body parts;

- actions involving physical impact, movement;

- numbers.

In modern Arabic, there are phraseologisms in which the meaning of the constituent parts occurs only as part of a phraseological unit. As a rule, they are as follows:

- verb + noun

- verb + adverb

For example,

The components of this phraseology are individually independent, but connected according to the laws of the Arabic language, they acquire figurative meaning.

If we were talking about a snake, then this phrase could be taken as a normal free phrase. When the conversation is related to a person, it belongs to phraseologism, because it is not natural for a person to change his skin.

Phraseologisms of any language are difficult units to translate. Therefore, the translation of a phraseology is the result of a careful analysis of its various components. When translating phraseological units of the Arabic language, it is necessary to find their variant in the Turkmen language, give their meaning and preserve their imagery, without considering its stylistic function. In the absence of a similar variant of the phraseological unit in the Turkmen language, the translation is based on the search for a variant that is close in meaning. When translating Arabic phraseology into Turkmen language, it is considered appropriate to approach it from a structural-typological and semantic-functional point of view. This allows for the following balance between languages:

- fully equivalent:

- partial equivalent;

- analog:

- non-equivalent (lacunar) units;

The following methods are used for the translation of lacunar units:

- protection;

- descriptive method of translation;

- lexical method of translation;

- combined translation.

The history, culture, everyday life, traditions and other national characteristics of this or other people are more clearly reflected in phraseology than in other units of the language. That is why phraseological units, despite their complexity, are of great interest in teaching foreign languages.

The comparative study of phraseology contributes to the in-depth study of the structure of two languages, and enriches the knowledge of the culture, literature, history, and traditions of the representatives of the studied language.

The translation of Turkmen and Arabic phraseology requires a good knowledge of the lexicon, the ability to analyze the context, a thorough study of history, culture, and traditions.