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	<title>Электронный научно-практический журнал «Современные научные исследования и инновации» &#187; devices</title>
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		<title>The algorithm of power control based on the technology of «Smart Grid»</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2021/06/95781</link>
		<comments>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2021/06/95781#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Jun 2021 18:36:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Режабов Зайлобиддин Маматович</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[05.00.00 Technical sciences]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[algorithm]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[control]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[devices]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[electrical networks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[power supply]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Smart Grid]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[systems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[technology]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[INTRODUCTION The reorganization and restructuring of power supply control and management, as wellas theconditions for their functioning, show their own complex features and problems. New algorithms, devices and methods are needed to ensure reliable electronicлектроsupply to consumers, involve modern information and diagnostic elements and devices and systems in the process of monitoring and managing operating [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div align="center"><strong>INTRODUCTION</strong></div>
<p><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">The reorganization and restructuring of power supply control and management, as wellas theconditions for their functioning, show their own complex features and problems. New algorithms, devices and methods are needed to ensure reliable electronicлектроsupply to consumers, involve modern information and diagnostic elements and devices and systems in the process of monitoring and managing operating modes. It is necessary to develop and apply new energy-efficient equipment and new technologies that reduce technical and economic indicators in the production and transmission of electricity, reduce the level of losses during transportation, optimize the size and location of reserve capacities of electricity sources [1-3].</span><br />
<span style=" 'Times New Roman';">As the analysis showed, in the last decade, the world has been developing Smart Grid technology (intelligent network). The existing &#8220;Smart grid&#8221; is a very large-scale direction in the modern energy industry. &#8220;Smart Grid&#8221; is the process of implementing &#8221; smart solutions» generation, transmission and distribution of electric energy, saturation of the electric grid with modern diagnostic tools, electronic monitoring and control systems, algorithms, technical devices that have appeared today in science and technology, i.e. wide application of information technology capabilities [4-7],</span><br />
<span style=" 'Times New Roman';">Internet, digital technology (IoT) with power electrical engineering. And this reduces losses in the transmission of electrical energy from the generator to the consumer, increases the reliability of power supply, makes it possible to optimally redistribute energy flows and thereby reduce peak loads, makes it possible for the consumer to work in a unified powersupply system. Traditionally, the consumer received electrical energy from a single source, but now it is in a centralizedenvironment : можетit can choose the source among generating мощunits and sources [7-10].</span></p>
<div align="center"><strong>MATERIAL AND METHOS</strong></div>
<p><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">The main feature in the &#8220;Smart Grid&#8221; is related to so-called renewable energy sources. To connect renewable energy sources to a large electricity supply system and make them as manageable as other sources, we need these &#8220;smart grids&#8221;Smart Grid. At the scale of power supply devices and systems, we need backbone or distribution networks that can monitor the state and mode of operation of consumers, sources, electrical lines and substations and automatically implement solutions that allow uninterrupted power supply and maximum economic efficiency. The &#8220;smart grid&#8221; itself must form a controlling influence with the achievement of an optimal level of electricity losses when the flow of electricity along transmission lines increases due to an increase in consumption by any consumer. In General, we are talking about creating a so-called intelligent EUSTC with an active adaptive network (IEUSTC), which means a power supply system in which all actors (generation, network, consumers) take an active part in the transmission and distribution of electricity. In this case, the electrical network turns into an active element, the parameters and characteristics of which change in real time depending on the modes of operation of consumers. To implement the new function, electric networks are equipped with modern high-speed electronic devices, systems that provide on-line information about the modes of operation of the network and the state of electrical equipment. Telecommunications devices and accumulators of electrical energy available in electric power supply networks ensure the process of distribution and consumption of electricity. Power supply systems are equipped with modern automation systems using powerful computer toolsforcontrolling and evaluating the state of operating modes [11-12].</span></p>
<p><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">Modern equipment is a complex energy of a new generation based on multi-agent principle, the organization and management of its functioning and development to ensure effective use of all resources (natural, socio-productive and human) for reliable, high-quality and effective elektrosnabzheniya of consumers due to the flexible interaction of all its subjects (all types of generation, power grids and consumers) on the basis of modern technological means and a single hierarchical intelligent control system [12-14].</span></p>
<p><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">In accordance with the modern requirements of power supply of electrical equipment and consumers, an algorithm for adaptive power management has been developed based on a simulation model (Fig. 1).</span><br />
<span style=" 'Times New Roman';">The algorithm for adaptive control of electricity supply while ensuring continuous energy transfer is based on the energy balance equation [5]:</span></p>
<div align="center"><img src="https://content.snauka.ru/web/95781_files/0.gif" alt="" width="263" height="27" /></div>
<p><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">where </span><em><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">P</span></em><em><sub><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">CES</span></sub></em><em><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">(t)</span></em><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">, </span><em><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">P</span></em><em><sub><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">SES</span></sub></em><em><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">(t)</span></em><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">, </span><em><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">P</span></em><em><sub><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">WPP</span></sub></em><em><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">(t), P</span></em><em><sub><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">DG</span></sub></em><em><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">(t)</span></em><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">, </span><em><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">P</span></em><em><sub><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">AB</span></sub></em><em><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">(t) </span></em><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">- the values of power produced by sources of centralized electricity supply &#8211; (</span><em><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">CES), solar power &#8211; (SES), wind power &#8211; (WES), diesel generators &#8211; (DG), batteries &#8211; (AB)</span></em><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">; </span><em><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">P</span></em><em><sub><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">n</span></sub></em><em><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">(t)</span></em><span style=" 'Times New Roman';"> - value of the power of the electrical load.</span><br />
<span style=" 'Times New Roman';">This algorithm controls the power supply sources and consumers by a microcontroller control unit based on the signals transmitted to the monitoring server about the amount of energy generated by the sources and consumed by the load, as well as the state of charge of batteries and the duration of use of sources Fig.1). [13]:</span><br />
<span style=" 'Times New Roman';">Monitoring data is collected and processed according to the scheme shown in Fig. 2. With this monitoring data accumulated in the server database monitoring and, if necessary, provided to the service personnel via an Ethernet Protocol in a web page on the Internet or the GSM module as SMS messages in the required formats.</span></p>
<p><img class="aligncenter" src="https://content.snauka.ru/web/95781_files/107.gif" alt="" width="512" height="732" /></p>
<div align="center"><strong>Fig. 1. The algorithm of power control based on the technology of &#8220;Smart grid&#8221; depending on the load current</strong></div>
<p><img class="aligncenter" src="https://content.snauka.ru/web/95781_files/129.gif" alt="" width="404" height="483" /></p>
<div align="center">
<p><strong>Fig. 2. Block diagram of remote monitoring of the power supply management process</strong></p>
<p><strong>RESULTS</strong></p>
</div>
<p><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">As the analysis of electrical power networks and consumers, managed cosine of the capacitor unit are the main elements of the construction technology of &#8220;Smart grid&#8221; depending on the current electric networks, the power source of reactive power is proportional to the square of the voltage, frequency and capacity [2,4]:</span><br />
<img src="https://content.snauka.ru/web/95781_files/131.gif" alt="" width="100" height="25" /><span style=" 'Times New Roman';"> (1)</span><br />
<span style=" 'Times New Roman';">where:</span><img src="https://content.snauka.ru/web/95781_files/132.gif" alt="" width="21" height="24" /><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">- reactive power of the condenser unit;</span><br />
<img src="https://content.snauka.ru/web/95781_files/132(1).gif" alt="" width="17" height="18" /><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">- electrical network voltage;</span><br />
<img src="https://content.snauka.ru/web/95781_files/132(2).gif" alt="" width="10" height="16" /><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">is the angular frequency;</span><br />
<span style=" 'Times New Roman';">C is the capacitance of the condenser unit.</span><br />
<span style=" 'Times New Roman';">The use of embedded microcomputers in the microprocessor source control unit of the Smart power engineering technology, depending on the load current, makes it possible to reduce damage from damage to electrical and power equipment and improve the quality of electricity generated [4-8].</span><br />
<span style=" 'Times New Roman';">For example, we will determine additional losses of active power </span><em><span style=" 'Times New Roman Greek';">Δ</span></em><em><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">P</span></em><span style=" 'Times New Roman';"> in power supply system cable lines (CL1 +CL) 400 m long with a cross section</span><sup><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">of 50 mm2</span></sup><span style=" 'Times New Roman';"> [14]:</span><br />
<span style=" 'Times New Roman';">Let&#8217;s say that the power supply system had loads:</span><br />
<img src="https://content.snauka.ru/web/95781_files/132(3).gif" alt="" width="284" height="22" /><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">,</span><br />
<span style=" 'Times New Roman';">load factor</span><br />
<img src="https://content.snauka.ru/web/95781_files/132(4).gif" alt="" width="73" height="24" /><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">,</span><br />
<span style=" 'Times New Roman';">maximum power loss time: </span><span style=" 'Times New Roman Greek';">t</span><span style=" 'Times New Roman';"> =5000 h.</span><br />
<span style=" 'Times New Roman';">After applying smart technology, the object&#8217;s load will have the following values: </span><img src="https://content.snauka.ru/web/95781_files/132(5).gif" alt="" width="290" height="24" /><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">.</span><br />
<span style=" 'Times New Roman';">The line current is defined as follows:</span></p>
<p><img src="https://content.snauka.ru/web/95781_files/132(6).gif" alt="" width="202" height="44" /><span style=" 'Times New Roman';"> (2)</span></p>
<p><img src="https://content.snauka.ru/web/95781_files/132(7).gif" alt="" width="204" height="44" /><span style=" 'Times New Roman';"> (3)</span></p>
<p><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">Additional power losses in the high-voltage cable (CL</span><sub><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">8</span></sub><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">):</span></p>
<p><img src="https://content.snauka.ru/web/95781_files/133.gif" alt="" width="341" height="24" /><span style=" 'Times New Roman';"> (4)</span></p>
<p><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">Additional </span><img src="https://content.snauka.ru/web/95781_files/133(1).gif" alt="" width="29" height="22" /><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">TC power losses depend on its load </span><img src="https://content.snauka.ru/web/95781_files/133(2).gif" alt="" width="48" height="24" /><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">losses:</span></p>
<p><img src="https://content.snauka.ru/web/95781_files/133(3).gif" alt="" width="368" height="25" /><span style=" 'Times New Roman';"> (5)</span></p>
<p><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">Total power losses:</span></p>
<p><img src="https://content.snauka.ru/web/95781_files/133(4).gif" alt="" width="326" height="22" /><span style=" 'Times New Roman';"> (6)</span></p>
<p><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">Energy savings for the year will amount to:</span></p>
<p><img src="https://content.snauka.ru/web/95781_files/134.gif" alt="" width="265" height="21" /><span style=" 'Times New Roman';"> (7)</span><br />
<span style=" 'Times New Roman';">The increase in the capacity of the TC line can be accounted for by the corresponding shares of their cost.</span><br />
<span style=" 'Times New Roman';">For a vehicle power transformer:</span></p>
<p><img src="https://content.snauka.ru/web/95781_files/134(1).gif" alt="" width="410" height="22" /><span style=" 'Times New Roman';"> (8)</span></p>
<p><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">For cables with a long current tolerance</span><img src="https://content.snauka.ru/web/95781_files/134(2).gif" alt="" width="73" height="25" /><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">:</span></p>
<p><img src="https://content.snauka.ru/web/95781_files/134(3).gif" alt="" width="376" height="22" /><span style=" 'Times New Roman';"> (9)</span></p>
<p><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">Payback period of the proposed technology:</span></p>
<p><img src="https://content.snauka.ru/web/95781_files/134(4).gif" alt="" width="525" height="25" /><span style=" 'Times New Roman';"> (10)</span></p>
<p><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">The performance indicator for this event is defined as follows:</span></p>
<p><img src="https://content.snauka.ru/web/95781_files/135.gif" alt="" width="408" height="53" /><span style=" 'Times New Roman';"> (11)</span></p>
<p><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">The developed algorithm and methodology for calculating technical and economic indicators gives a pessimistic payback period for the use of smart technology in power supply systems. The obtained value of the payback period, due to improving the quality of electricity &#8211; providing rated voltage in power consumption units (i.e., increasing the service life of electrical equipment, reducing power losses in electrical networks, etc.), actually turns out to be less than its normative value (T</span><sub><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">OK norms</span></sub><span style=" 'Times New Roman';"> = 8 years).</span></p>
<div align="center"><strong>IV. CONCLUSION</strong></div>
<p><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">A. Parameters of the regulated reactive power compensation technology (number and power of control stages) &#8211; are determined by the daily schedule of electricity consumption by electric receivers.</span><br />
<span style=" 'Times New Roman';">B. Technology of controlling reactive power sources and voltage regulation is effective when switching on for a large inductive resistance of step-down transformers of power supply systems.</span><br />
<span style=" 'Times New Roman';">C. To change the voltage by one percent of the rated value, it is necessary for the transformer </span><img src="https://content.snauka.ru/web/95781_files/135(1).gif" alt="" width="68" height="18" /><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">to change the reactive power to </span><img src="https://content.snauka.ru/web/95781_files/135(2).gif" alt="" width="68" height="21" /><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">, for the transformer</span><img src="https://content.snauka.ru/web/95781_files/135(3).gif" alt="" width="144" height="21" /><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">, for the cable line </span><img src="https://content.snauka.ru/web/95781_files/135(4).gif" alt="" width="53" height="21" /><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">length</span><img src="https://content.snauka.ru/web/95781_files/135(5).gif" alt="" width="116" height="21" /><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">, for the cable line </span><img src="https://content.snauka.ru/web/95781_files/136.gif" alt="" width="40" height="18" /><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">length </span><img src="https://content.snauka.ru/web/95781_files/136(1).gif" alt="" width="138" height="21" /><span style=" 'Times New Roman';">.</span><br />
<span style=" 'Times New Roman';">As shown by the research, the proposed method of applying smart technology for controlling reactive power sources and microprocessors allows to reduce the payback period of the implemented technology and control elements of electricity consumption by 28.7% and increase the efficiency of energy-saving measures implemented in power supply systems</span><br />
<span style=" 'Times New Roman';">D. the monitoring System makes it possible to assess their operational characteristics, determine the repair needs, identify the causes of failure and promptly eliminate them.</span><br />
<span style=" 'Times New Roman';">The use of monitoring systems allows you to increase reliability through high-quality maintenance by reducing the time of prevention, repair, recovery and downtime.</span><br />
<span style=" 'Times New Roman';">The developed algorithm and sensors for controlling electricity sources and consumers, as well as the use of monitoring devices, allow for continuous power supply, adaptability to the power sources of the control unit, and a user-friendly control interface allows for high accuracy and efficiency of management.</span></p>
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		<title>The use of stylistic devices in the works of Magtymguly</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2024/01/101351</link>
		<comments>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2024/01/101351#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 24 Jan 2024 07:45:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>author</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[10.00.00 Philology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[devices]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Magtymguly]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[poetry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[stylistics]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[When discussing the eloquence of language, it is imperative to delve into the profound mastery of linguistic elements, particularly the intricacies of stylistic devices and linguistic series. Magtymguly Pyragy, the esteemed poet of the Turkmen people, showcases a remarkable command of linguistic series in his verses. His utilization of linguistic devices not only enhances the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>When discussing the eloquence of language, it is imperative to delve into the profound mastery of linguistic elements, particularly the intricacies of stylistic devices and linguistic series. Magtymguly Pyragy, the esteemed poet of the Turkmen people, showcases a remarkable command of linguistic series in his verses. His utilization of linguistic devices not only enhances the aesthetic value of his works but also contributes to the cultural and intellectual richness of Turkmen literature.</p>
<p>Magtymguly Pyragy, often referred to as the &#8220;Poet of the People,&#8221; skillfully employs linguistic series to embody the values and character of the Turkmen society. His deep understanding of the Turkmen language serves both the cultural heritage and the artistic expression of the nation. Magtymguly&#8217;s commitment to linguistic precision and cultural representation in his works reinforces the dignity of the Turkmen people and preserves the poet&#8217;s creative legacy as a sacred contribution to national identity.</p>
<p>Magtymguly&#8217;s attainment of the status of the &#8220;Poet from the Heart&#8221; underscores the profound impact of his words on the collective consciousness of the people. His verses resonate deeply with the hearts and souls of his audience, distinguishing him from other poets of his time. The emotional intensity and genuine connection found in Magtymguly&#8217;s poetry elevate him to a level where his words become an integral part of the emotional landscape of his readers.</p>
<p>The efficacy of linguistic mastery lies in its ability to influence the audience on various levels. Magtymguly&#8217;s incorporation of stylistic devices such as metaphors, and metonymy enhance the aesthetic appeal of his poetry. The deliberate choice of words and their arrangement creates a synergy that not only conveys meaning but also elicits emotional responses from the readers.</p>
<p>Magtymguly&#8217;s attention to linguistic precision is evident in his meticulous use of sound patterns and rhythmic elements. Whether in the gentle flow of love-themed verses or the rhythmic intensity of his patriotic compositions, the poet&#8217;s linguistic choices contribute to the overall musicality of his works. The lyrical imagery created through linguistic devices enriches the sensory experience of the audience, making Magtymguly&#8217;s poetry a captivating journey of language and emotion.</p>
<p>Pyragy’s mastery of language is evident in his meticulous crafting of sounds and rhythm. He employs alliteration, the repetition of initial consonant sounds, to create a pleasing auditory texture, as in the line “Görsem, eý, dilber jemalyň, ygtyýarym galmaz-a” (“Seeing your beauty, my will is lost”). Onomatopoeia, the use of words that sound like what they describe, adds an element of vividness to his descriptions, such as the word “galmaz-a” (“is lost”), which mimics the sound of a sigh. Additionally, Pyragy utilizes rhyme schemes to enhance the musicality of his verses, creating a sense of harmony and cohesion.</p>
<p>Pyragy’s poetry is enriched by his skillful use of figurative language, which allows him to transcend the limitations of literal expression and convey abstract concepts with vivid imagery. Personification, the attribution of human qualities to inanimate objects or abstract concepts, breathes life into his verses, as in the line “Görmez ersem bir zaman, sabr-u kararym galmaz-a” (“If I do not see you for a time, my patience and resolve will not last”). Metaphor, the substitution of one term for another to imply a comparison, adds layers of meaning, as in the line “Ýürek daglarynda, ýaşlar ýaýlar-a” (“Tears flow on the mountains of the heart”). Simile, which directly compares two elements using the words “like” or “as,” provides a clearer and more concrete connection, as in the line “Dünýä gülleri ýaly, ýaşaýan her adam” (“Like the flowers of the world, every living person”).</p>
<p>Magtymguly Pyragy’s poems stand the test of time due, in part, to the effectiveness of his literary devices. These tools enable him to transcend cultural and linguistic barriers, connecting with readers on a profound emotional level. His verses continue to inspire and challenge audiences, prompting them to reflect on the nature of love, life, and the human experience. The mastery of language, the power of figurative expression, and the subtle use of symbolism all contribute to the enduring resonance of Magtymguly Pyragy’s poetry.</p>
<p>In conclusion, Magtymguly Pyragy&#8217;s poetry stands as a testament to the profound connection between language, culture, and artistic expression. His masterful use of linguistic series elevates his works to a timeless realm, where the beauty of words transcends boundaries and resonates with readers across generations. Magtymguly&#8217;s legacy as a linguistic virtuoso continues to inspire admiration and appreciation for the rich tapestry of Turkmen literature.</p>
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