Our poet who yearned for independence, Dowletmammed Azadi, is one of the great figures who paved the way for establishing an independent Turkmen state. Dowletmammed Azadi wrote his works, especially “Wagzy-Azat,” to illuminate Magtymguly’s path.

This book, consisting of four chapters, essentially explains the principles of the foundational laws of the Turkmen state. In complex times, the great son and scholar of our people, Magtymguly Pyragy, emerges. He reflects on his father’s scientific principles, understanding the material and spiritual condition of his people, and writes his poetry not merely as emotional expressions but as guiding beacons of a correct path.

The value of our national poet’s works lies in the foundation they provide for constructing a poetic base rooted in science and knowledge. Regardless of where Magtymguly’s influence spreads, it first touches the walls of science. He refers to examples to express the lively and diverse aspects of the world through the language of poetry. This indicates that he initially understood the lack of inherent value of science in this beautiful world.

When studying Magtymguly Pyragy’s creativity based on scientific assumptions, it can be said that each line of his poetry contains the fundamental basis of science. The essence of human soul is truly the meaning of life. The entire universe has been created in various ways to please it. Magtymguly emphasizes that although the power of science may not fully solve the secrets of the universe, it must still be in pursuit of science.

Despite the emotional and artistic uniqueness of his poetry, it is clear that the scientific foundation is firmly established in his works. Every poem you read presents a “strong column of science.” This proves that the poet’s scientific perspective is a more powerful and substantive ocean than mere poetry.

In Magtymguly’s work, the spiritual essence of the people is present. This poetry derives its source from the people’s spirit. When a source draws from the spirit of the people, it possesses the ability to purify, feel clarity, and bridge the past and future. This spirit elevates the poetry to a grand and magical phenomenon. From a scientific and historical perspective, this truth is uniquely represented in the poet’s works.

He connects humanity with nature, creation with the creator, from both a Sufi and scientific perspective, as well as in terms of poetic connections. He repeatedly proves in his famous poems that spring months signify a new creation and renewal. The main solutions to this connection are primarily related to the Nowruz holiday. The poet pays great attention to this celebration. He demonstrates that during this festival, the rejuvenation of souls, the harmony of surroundings, and the continuity of music and unity are perceptible. The poetry gives a new breath, much like flowers flowing in the palm of your hand:

“When Nowruz comes, it will bring colour to the world…”

From a philosophical viewpoint, Magtymguly’s poems are filled with warmth, love, and passion in all existential, living, and initiating matters. Therefore, the healthy diction and unique spiritual state in his poems embody a force that brings you closer to his creativity. This, of course, proves that there is no detachment from scientific philosophical assumptions. Magtymguly’s poetry provides an opportunity to overcome certain stages to perceive the world. Science and poetry complement each other like a continuous pathway.

Magtymguly is the spiritual bridge of the nation. When one thinks of “Turkmen,” Magtymguly comes to mind, and when one thinks of “Magtymguly,” Turkmen is recognized. The connection between these two roots represents the basis of the nation’s scientific and poetic language levels. Such questions reshape your perception of Magtymguly in your soul. It opens a new way to re-read his poetry, bringing new feelings each time his poems are read.

The influence of Magtymguly’s language on the Turkmen language has been evident in our national linguistic and literary studies for many years. The uniqueness of Magtymguly Pyragy’s linguistic characteristics recalls the profound meanings of that language. This is a matter of pride for us.

Understanding the boundlessness of the power granted to those who bear the destiny of the nation and country, it is no coincidence that a great personality like Pyragy yearned for the independence of his people during his time. The poet’s heart embodies the spirit of the people, the living language, the literature of the people, and scientifically, his creativity encapsulates it all. This shows the boundlessness of the great poet’s love for his people. The emergence of the Turkmen language, and later the poet’s language joining the harmony of sound, is a profound philosophical truth.

Not only do the worlds revolve, but waters, rivers, stones, stars, and celestial bodies all move and do not remain stationary; they revolve. Each of these entities is a unique, mysterious statement that needs to be studied separately. In Magtymguly’s world, as every thing has a secret, so do the thoughts behind his verses. These thoughts are filled with questions about the secrets of the universe. The poet searches for himself. Despite being able to speak of eighteen thousand worlds, he hesitates to reveal his own story and show the realities within himself. Magtymguly seeks the secrets of the four elements of the universe. Indeed, humanity maintains its status with the beauty of its language and the level of its culture. This is also a characteristic in Magtymguly’s poetry.

Magtymguly Pyragy, the great son of the Turkmen people, is a personality who has contributed to the inclusion of Turkmen culture and literature among the developed nations of the world through his poetry.

Magtymguly is not only a figure to be studied in terms of literature but also scientifically. His creativity contains numerous new discoveries in science and spiritual realms. His creativity is not to be studied in just one or two centuries! Therefore, it is imperative to study it with scholars of nations that honor his work, ensuring that his canonical portrayal in art remains a memorable figure in Turkmen and world literature for millennia.

-         On sekiz müň älem ählin bar eden Rebbim Jelil,

Dönderip dergähine hem zar eden Rebbim Jelil,

Gudratyndan Arş öýün dowwar eden Rebbim Jelil.

Haýbat ile farşny hemwar eden Rebbim Jelil!

Emr edip bir beýzeýi –enwar eden Rebbim Jelil!

Turkmen literature, including the literature of the broader Turkic-speaking peoples, is an inseparable part of this cultural heritage. The Turkmen people are one of the oldest branches of the Turkic and Turkic-speaking world, and it would not be an exaggeration to say that its roots are deeply entrenched. For this reason, the study of Turkmen literature and the works of its great and prominent representative, Magtymguly Pyragy, must primarily be conducted within the scope of Eastern literature.

Magtymguly Pyragy, whose poetry gained worldwide fame through its scientific foundation, has always been studied from both scientific and literary perspectives in our country. This is due to the people’s love for their spiritual heritage and the prominence of our scholarly poet on the global stage.

Under the guidance of our National Leader, Hero Arkadag, and the care of our esteemed President, a celebration dedicated to the scholarly poet Magtymguly Pyragy’s work has been organized in 2024. This event serves as a model of the respect shown to his works. The publication of his poems in numerous countries, the erection of statues in several places, and the translation of his poetry into various languages today signify the global acknowledgment of the scholarly poet’s poetry.

As the rightful owner of science-based poetry, Magtymguly Pyragy is undoubtedly a poet of all ages. His poems are filled with scientific inquiries. Studying his works from a scientific perspective allows us to uncover new meanings and content, provide evidence with scientific hypotheses, and explore the scientific theories alongside the treasures of Turkmen literature and language. We owe thanks to our National Leader, Hero Arkadag, and our esteemed President for creating such opportunities. May their efforts continue to prosper! The Turkmen people, who produced a great personality like Magtymguly Pyragy, today breathe the free air of independence. This is a source of pride for the Turkmen people who follow Magtymguly’s path!

The main goal of education is to raise the younger generation with ethics and morals. The Turkmen people have placed great emphasis on moral education. The poems of Magtymguly Pyragy encompass advice and reflect the moral and spiritual values of the Turkmen. Through his verses, he has secured an eternal place in the hearts, minds, and souls of the people, becoming a guiding force through all life’s trials. The wise thoughts of this great master draw from the spiritual sources of humanity, and over the centuries, the educational significance of the works of this great sage continues to grow.

The poetry of the sages is based on the deep content of the literary heritage and unique cultural identity of the Turkmen people, serving as a national school for nurturing the younger generation according to high moral principles. It can be said that there is no subject that the poet has not addressed in his works. He consistently addresses issues such as love for the homeland, unity, respect for parents, honoring the elders, caring for the young, providing help and support, maintaining dignity and respect, and leading a healthy lifestyle.

Moral education is one of the most crucial aspects of the educational process, playing a significant role in the comprehensive development of personality. It is closely linked with moral, aesthetic, family, physical, and labour education. Many of Pyragy’s poems call for people to be educated, knowledgeable, and humane. For example, he teaches schoolchildren that reading books and increasing knowledge leads to a meaningful life, spiritual maturity, and a pure heart, as illustrated by the following lines:

Kitap okan gullar magnydan dokdur,

Olaryň kalbynda şeýtan bolarmy?

Love for the homeland is a source of national pride and dignity. This, in turn, embodies qualities such as heroism and bravery.

Pyragy’s thoughts and desires about the homeland and a free life, expressed in the line “I have waited long; no wonderful time has come,” resonate strongly in our time. In the poet’s educational teachings, patriotism holds a central place:

Gel, köňlüm, men saňa nesihat kylaý,

Watany terk edip gidiji bolma.

Özüňden egsik bir gaýry namardyň,

Hyzmatynda gulluk ediji bolma.

Pyragy’s poem “Gidiji bolma” encapsulates beautiful thoughts on patriotism, humanity, purity, and spiritual wealth. Reading such wise lines encourages the younger generation to develop feelings of loyalty to their homeland, nurturing them to become true patriots. Additionally, lines like:

Mert ogludyr, ile ýazar desterhan,

Dogry söz üstünde berer şirin jan,

Ömrüni ötgerer, diýmez bir ýalan,

Jäht eýläp, ýalan söz aýdyjy bolma

show how the poet depicts high moral character in a well-mannered and educated person. He promotes love for the people and homeland as essential virtues.

Magtymguly’s poetry encourages the youth to support one another, maintain good relationships, and help each other, as seen in his verses:

Ýetimi göreňde güler ýüz bergil,

Goldan gelse, oňa tagam-duz bergil,

Gamgyny göreňde, ýagşy söz bergil,

Entäni goldara hemaýat ýagşy

Moreover, he advises loyalty to friends:

Gadyrdan dostuňdan ýüzüň öwürme,

Barsaň depesine täç eder seni.

The teachings of Magtymguly about following the Turkmen path, the unity and solidarity of the Turkmen people, serve as principles in the comprehensive education of the younger generation:

Köňüller, ýürekler bir bolup başlar,

Tartsa ýygyn, erär topraklar-daşlar,

Bir suprada taýýar kylynsa aşlar,

Göteriler ol ykbaly türkmeniň.

The noble qualities that adorn the spirit and heart of a person are expressed as follows:

Ýagşylykda ile özün tanadan,

Alkyş alyp, derejesi zor bolar.

Ýaman bolup, ýagşylygy unudan,

Öz yzzatyn gidir, itden hor bolar.

These lines inspire the younger generation to be pleasant, noble, simple, and to embrace values such as kindness, humility, and humanity.

Exploring the works of Magtymguly is like illuminating our paths with the brilliance of a gem. His poems widely express labor education, moral education, and aesthetic education. The poet urges the younger generation to cherish labor from childhood:

Ulalansoň iş hoş ýakmaz,

Ýaşlykda köýmän ýigide.

Döwlet gelse özün bilmez,

Dogaly doýman ýigide.

He skillfully emphasizes the saying from our ancestors, “Ýigide kyrk dürli hünär hem azdyr,” in his poem “Ýeldim tut.”

Çynma-çynda, Rumda, Hindde, Hebeşde,

Bolan, bolmuş hünärleri bildim tut.

The wise poet’s poem “Janyna degmez” is one of the most significant poems regarding educational importance:

Eý, ýaranlar, bir bigaýrat ýigidiň,

Müň ýaman söz aýtsaň janyna degmez.

Zynhar düşmäň namartlaryň goluna,

Öldürseň-de, nähak ganyna degmez.

In the conclusion of the wise poem, the poet compares characters that embody virtue and those with bad behavior, calling on the youth to pursue integrity, honesty, love for work, and pride:

Adam bar, müň tümen iýdirseň azdyr,

Bardyr adam iýen nanyna degmez.

All of these lines foster a love for reading among the younger generations, enhance their curiosity, and are essential resources for their comprehensive development in intellect, morality, and aesthetics. Working in the teaching profession while adhering to the principles of Magtymguly Pyragy’s poetry fills us with immense pride as it is an invaluable treasure for the Turkmen people. In any profession, one can find answers to their questions within these wonderful poems. Especially in the teaching profession, these works serve as great guidance. Recognizing the multifaceted nature of Magtymguly Pyragy’s creativity and studying the exceptional educational teachings of his poems on humanity, patriotism, and upbringing is essential for fostering a harmonious and well-rounded personality in the younger generation through comprehensive national education.

In this work, I aim to confirm that the vocabulary of the Turkmen language was already well-developed in the 18th century by presenting verses related to stones in the works of our wise poet.

Göwher. This precious stone is considered the finest among gemstones, including clear white, yellowish, pink, and blue colors. Scientifically, it is a polished version of gowher. The droplet-shaped gemstone referred to as “göwher” appears in Magtymguly’s poems “Söhbet ýagşydyr” and “Ýaryň ýagşysyn”:

Hemra bolup oturmagyl pis bile,

Poha degseň, beýniň dolar ys bile,

Göwher daşyn ýüzük etseň mis bile,

Gymmaty egsilmez, hormat ýagşydyr.

Akyl keser, köňül galkar her bapda,

Dür-göwheri bent eýlediň mahtapda,

Bedewi-parsyda, tili-arapda,

Bagyş kyldyň bady-şütrüň ýagşysyn.

Here, it is worth mentioning that Magtymguly was not only proficient in word craftsmanship but also in the art of jewelry-making.

Zümerret. This beautiful, hard stone comes in bright green and light green colors. In ancient times, rings, earrings, and necklaces were decorated with zümerret. Magtymguly refers to this stone in the form of poetry in “Köňül hoşundadyr”:

Degresi zümerret başly,

Ner babatly, kyrk gardaşly,

Altyn tagtly, almaz täçli,

Döw begleri daşyndadyr.

Lagyl. This red, bright red, and reddish-brown stone is often set in various types of jewelry. Magtymguly clearly expresses the value of this stone in his poem “Ýaranlar”:

-Boýy teňňe, altyn kümüş – diýdiler,

Lagly-jöwahyrdan ança oýdular,

Hälem arzan diýip aýtdy ýaranlar.

Ýakut. This stone, with its dark blue, greenish, and orange colors, is known for its density. Jewelers set it in jewelry. It fits firmly and securely in ornaments. An example from the poem “Ýaşyl zümerret”:

Altynjy gat gögi söýlesem ýatdan,

Ady Defna, asly sary ýakutdan.

Hakyk. This stone, with yellowish-red, red, and reddish-brown hues, is embedded in jewelry. People believe the hakyk protects from evil eye and brings victory. From “Şal tapsa”:

Ötürler her ýerde sözüm takyga,

Garry arman eder ýigit çakyga,

Eşek monjugyna, berer hakyga,

Biçäre çopanlar ýakut-lagl tapsa.

Pöwrize. This stone, in shades of blue and green, enhances the beauty of jewelry like earrings, rings, and necklaces. Pöwrize is mainly produced in the western regions of our country. Among the people, it is also known as “mashryk stone.”

According to the story told by the seventh disciple of the great poet Magtymguly, the wise Gara işan Muhammed, this distinguished word master gifted an everlasting ring with a shining stone to his beloved. The ring made of this mashryk stone found in the museum of Magtymguly located in Gerkez village symbolizes the poet’s life, his legacy, and his descendants.

Zeberjet. This stone, in shades of bright green and golden-green, is used in various types of jewelry. Magtymguly describes the weight of this stone in his poems “Gerekdir” and “Byragyň”:

Dünýä diýip, ança jan köýüp hem bişer,

Ançalar ýaş döküp, ýüregi çişer,

Şalar haznasyna altyn-kümüş üýşer,

Gözel tagta lagl-zeberjet gerekdir.

Ýaşyl zeberjetdir iki gulagy,

Daň ýyldyzna meňzär gözi Byragyň.

Merjen. This stone comes in shades of reddish-brown, orange, and bright red, formed from the remains of living plants and animals at the bottom of the sea and rivers. Beautiful, shimmering gems are made from merjen. The poet illustrates this in the poem “Näme sen”:

Altynmy sen, kümüşmi sen, zermi sen,

Ýa aryşmy sen, ýa kursmi sen, ýermi sen,

Ýa ýakutmyň, ýa merjenmiň, dürmi sen,

Ýa çyragmyň, ýa röwşenmiň, näme sen?

M. Fasmer writes in “The Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language” that the merjen is known internationally by the name “merwerit.” Magtymguly has used this word in several places in his works. An example from the poem “Meňzär hökümli”:

Täze helal gaşly, merwerit dişli,

Tawus guş zynatly, dawut duruşly…

Dür. This organic stone comes in shades of yellowish-white, bluish-white, yellow, gray, and light pink. There are varieties of dür taken from the seas and rivers, as well as those cultivated in laboratories. Dür is mainly used to make beads. It stands out for its delicate beauty when set in jewelry. Dür is the stone most frequently found in Magtymguly’s works. The poet describes the characteristics of this delicate stone in his poems “Güman görner” and “Nadan pelekden”:

Akyl olsaň iste bu ýolda bir pir,

Ryskyňa kepildir alla mühtebir,

Altyn, kümüş, ýakut ile lagly-dür,

Hakdan gaýry tamam zyýan görüner.

Akyl keser, köňül galkar her bapda,

Dür-göwheri bent eýlediň mahtapda.

Akyl kesmez, dür ýasalmaz ussatsyz.

Sadap. This natural stone, collected from the depths of the seas, comes in various shimmering colors. Jewelry set with sadap attracts attention with its pleasant beauty. From “Mal istär”:

Uzyn boýly, galam gaşly,

Müşki-anbar ýufar saçly

Şeker zyban, sadap dişli,

Goşa nar, inçe bil istär.

The great wise, master poet, and skilled jeweler Magtymguly’s works, with their references to jewelry stones, provide a foundation to confirm that even in the poet’s time, there was a particular focus on jewelry-making and related vocabulary. Jewelry-making is one of the oldest crafts. Jewelers adorned women’s jewelry, decorated horses, and crafted items like knives, swords, and belts for men with great skill. Decorative jewelry was mainly made from silver and gold, with stones such as hakyk, jade, lazurite, pöwrize, onyx, and various minerals used, and later colorful glass began to be incorporated. The surfaces of women’s jewelry were adorned with geometric patterns and designs related to celestial bodies, plants, and animals, as well as various motifs.