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	<title>Электронный научно-практический журнал «Современные научные исследования и инновации» &#187; 03.00.00 Biology</title>
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		<title>Зелепухина Л.П. Влияние энергетических напитков на организм человека</title>
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		<dc:creator>Zelepuhina Lali</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[Научный руководитель: Зелепухина Л.П., учитель биологии ГМГ          г. Костаная, магистр химии. Участник НОУ: Жанабаева Айна Болатовна, учащаяся 10 &#8220;А&#8221; класса ГМГ г.Костаная. Современному деловому человеку очень часто приходится прилагать большие физические усилия, переживать эмоциональные потрясения и стрессы, что неизбежно ведёт к потере работоспособности, физическому и умственному истощению, бессоннице. Именно на таких людей и рассчитана реклама [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: right;">Научный руководитель: Зелепухина Л.П., учитель биологии ГМГ          г. Костаная, магистр химии.</p>
<p style="text-align: right;">Участник НОУ: Жанабаева Айна Болатовна, учащаяся 10 &#8220;А&#8221; класса ГМГ г.Костаная.</p>
<p>Современному деловому человеку очень часто приходится прилагать большие физические усилия, переживать эмоциональные потрясения и стрессы, что неизбежно ведёт к потере работоспособности, физическому и умственному истощению, бессоннице. Именно на таких людей и рассчитана реклама энергетических напитков, обещающая всем быстрый прилив сил и хорошее настроение. Поэтому изучение влияния энерготоников на организм человека является в настоящее время особенно актуальным.<br />
Практическая значимость исследования заключается в возможности использования его результатов на уроках биологии, химии, внеклассных мероприятиях, так как в этой работе были получены довольно подробные сведения о воздействии энергетических напитков на здоровье человека.<br />
Новизна исследования заключается в том, что данные о влиянии энергетиков на организм человека были получены путём проведения экспериментальных исследований с использованием современного интерактивного оборудования – прибора explorer GLX и соответствующих сенсоров (датчиков).<br />
Гипотеза исследования &#8211; энергетические напитки при чрезмерном употреблении могут оказать негативное влияние на состояние нервной, сердечно – сосудистой и пищеварительной систем.<br />
Объект исследования – энергетические напитки, содержащие опасные для организма человека концентрации биологически активных веществ.<br />
Предмет исследования – влияние энерготоников на состояние здоровья человека.<br />
Цель работы &#8211; изучение влияния энергетических напитков на организм человека.<br />
Для реализации поставленной цели необходимо решить следующие задачи:<br />
- Методом анкетирования определить уровень осведомлённости учащихся 9 &#8211; 11 – х классов о влиянии энергетиков на организм человека;<br />
- Осуществить субъективную оценку психофизиологического состояния после приёма энергетика;<br />
- Используя прибор explorer GLX, определить уровень рН энергетиков различных торговых марок и оценить влияние кислотности энерготоников на состояние пищеварительной системы;<br />
- Экспериментальным путём выявить влияние энерготоников на состояние сердечно – сосудистой системы через определение показателей давления, пульса, получения электрокардиограммы;<br />
- Оценить степень влияния энергетиков на показатель температуры тела человека;<br />
- Определить время восстановления показателей организма человека после употребления энерготоника;<br />
- Сделать общий вывод о влиянии энергетиков на организм человека.<br />
Основными методами исследовательской работы являются:<br />
- Наблюдение;<br />
- Анкетирование;<br />
- Эксперимент.<br />
Результаты и их обсуждение.<br />
Результаты проведённых экспериментов позволяют определить причины существующих ограничений в правилах приёма энерготоников, а также подтвердить и дополнить уже имеющиеся знания о влиянии энергетических напитков на состояние систем организма человека.<br />
Содержанием констатирующего эксперимента в работе является анкетирование. С целью выявления уровня осведомлённости о влиянии энергетиков на организм человека нами было проведено анкетирование учащихся 9 – 11 &#8211; х классов.<br />
Результаты анкетирования (табл. 1) показали, что более половины учащихся употребляли энергетические напитки с целью повышения настроения, и делали это, уже имея представление о вреде энергетиков для организма человека. По мнению большинства учащихся, от влияния энергетиков в первую очередь страдают сердечно – сосудистая и пищеварительная системы. При этом, подавляющее большинство учащихся не считают целесообразным ограничение или запрет продажи энерготоников.</p>
<p>Таблица 1 – Результаты анкетирования учащихся 9 – 11 &#8211; х классов<br />
<a href="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Таблица-1.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-7069" src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Таблица-1-300x224.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="224" /></a><br />
В экспериментальных исследованиях принимали участие представители разных возрастных категорий – от 15 до 25 лет (учащиеся, молодые учителя). У испытуемых после употребления энергетиков возникли следующие психофизиологические ощущения, которые, конечно, являются субъективными, такие как: сонливость, мышечная слабость, головокружение, симптомы головной боли, снижение работоспособности, общее недомогание. И, действительно, по данным научных источников, прием психостимулирующих средств, содержащих большое количество кофеина, может вызвать не только стимуляцию работоспособности, но и парадоксальное ее снижение вплоть до угнетения.<br />
В ходе эксперимента, мы провели измерение артериального давления у испытуемых до и после приема энергетиков. Из полученных результатов (табл. 2 и рис. 1) можно сделать вывод, что прием энергетиков существенно изменяет показатель артериального давления, причем в разных направлениях. У подростков 15 &#8211; 18 лет после приема энергетических напитков артериальное давление повысилось, а у взрослого человека 25 лет &#8211; понизилось.<br />
Эти изменения можно объяснить тем, что энергетики содержат высокие концентрации кофеина и таурина, которые являются нейростимуляторами, активирующими симпатическую нервную систему, результатом может стать сужение просвета кровеносных сосудов и, как следствие, повышение артериального давления.      Понижение давления у испытуемого в возрасте 25 лет можно объяснить тем, что иногда энергетики могут оказывать отрицательный эффект (это зависит от индивидуальных особенностей, состояния здоровья человека), который выражается в сонливости, слабости и апатии.</p>
<p>Таблица 2 &#8211; Влияние энергетиков на показатели артериального давления<br />
<a href="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Таблица-2.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-7070" src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Таблица-2-300x224.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="224" /></a><br />
Рисунок 1 &#8211; Влияние энергетиков на показатели артериального давления</p>
<p><a href="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Рисунок-1.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-7071" src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Рисунок-1-300x224.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="224" /></a></p>
<p>В ходе дальнейших исследований нами было определено влияние энерготоников на показатель пульса с помощью прибора explorer GLX. Полученные результаты (табл. 3 и рис. 2) позволяют заключить, что после приема энергетиков, показатель пульса увеличился у всех испытуемых, что также может быть вызвано содержанием нейростимуляторов в составе напитков. Поэтому чрезмерное употребление энерготоников может привести к использованию резервных ресурсов всего организма. Как следствие &#8211; бессонница, депрессия, раздражительность и развитие патологий сердечно &#8211; сосудистой системы, например тахикардии, а также истощению, быстрому износу сердечной мышцы.</p>
<p>Таблица 3 – Влияние энергетиков на показатель пульса</p>
<p><a href="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Таблица-3.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-7072" src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Таблица-3-300x224.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="224" /></a></p>
<p>Рисунок 2 &#8211; Влияние энергетиков на показатель пульса</p>
<p><a href="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Рисунок-2.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-7073" src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Рисунок-2-300x224.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="224" /></a></p>
<p>Фото 1. Использование датчика пульса<br />
<a href="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/фото-1.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-7074" src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/фото-1-300x220.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="220" /></a><br />
Фото 2. Получение результатов<br />
<a href="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Фото-2.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-7075" src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Фото-2-300x225.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="225" /></a><br />
С помощью прибора explorer GLХ и датчика рН мы определили уровень кислотности энергетиков различных торговых марок. Результаты исследования (табл. 4) показали, что среда энергетиков кислая. Значение рН находится в пределах 3,3 – 3,8. Высокий уровень кислотности энерготоников может оказать негативное влияние на состояние слизистой желудка и вызвать осложнения при заболеваниях желудочно – кишечного тракта, таких как гастрит и язвенные образования. Согласно данным научных источников, следует отметить тот факт, что под влиянием кофеина, содержащегося в напитках, усиливается секреция желез желудка, поэтому людям, с нарушениями ЖКТ употреблять энерготоники не рекомендуется.</p>
<p>Таблица 4 &#8211; Уровень pH энергетиков различных торговых марок</p>
<p><a href="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Таблица-4.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-7076" src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Таблица-4-300x224.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="224" /></a></p>
<p>Фото 3. Использование датчика рН<br />
<a href="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Фото-3.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-7077" src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Фото-3-300x225.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="225" /></a><br />
Фото 4. Получение данных на дисплее прибора GLX<br />
<a href="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Фото-4.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-7078" src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Фото-4-300x188.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="188" /></a><br />
В ходе экспериментов мы выявили воздействие энергетиков на показатель температуры тела с помощью прибора explorer GLХ и быстродействующего температурного датчика. Исходя из полученных результатов (табл. 5 и рис. 3), можно заключить, что после приема энергетического напитка показатель температуры тела значительно снижается на 1,5 до 2 градуса Цельсия. Это можно объяснить тем, что в связи с учащением сердцебиения, кровообращение усиливается в области сердца и, как следствие, снижается приток крови к конечностям, где и было произведено измерение.</p>
<p>Таблица 5 – Влияние энергетиков на показатель температуры тела<br />
<a href="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Таблица-5.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-7079" src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Таблица-5-300x224.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="224" /></a></p>
<p>Рисунок 3 &#8211; Влияние энергетиков на показатель температуры тела</p>
<p><a href="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Рисунок-3.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-7080" src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Рисунок-3-300x224.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="224" /></a></p>
<p>Фото 5. Использование быстродействующего температурного датчика<br />
<a href="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Фото-5.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-7081" src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Фото-5-300x203.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="203" /></a></p>
<p>Фото 6. Получение результатов<br />
<a href="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Фото6.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-7082" src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Фото6-300x245.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="245" /></a><br />
Для получения более глубоких выводов о воздействии энергетиков на состояние сердечно – сосудистой системы нами было проведено снятие электрокардиограмм (с помощью прибора explorer GLХ и датчика ЭКГ) у всех испытуемых до и после приема энергетических напитков. Полученные результаты (рис. 4) наглядно демонстрируют тот факт, что прием энергетиков приводит к нарушению сердечного ритма, результатом чего может стать аритмия сердца.</p>
<p>Рисунок 4 &#8211; Сравнение электрокардиограмм испытуемых 15, 16, 18 и 25 лет<br />
15 лет<br />
До приёма энергетиков<br />
<a href="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Рисунок-7.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-7083" src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Рисунок-7-300x239.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="239" /></a></p>
<p>После приёма энергетиков<br />
<a href="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Рисунок-8.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-7084" src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Рисунок-8-300x225.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="225" /></a><br />
16 лет<br />
До приёма энергетиков<br />
<a href="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Рисунок-9.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-7085" src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Рисунок-9-300x235.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="235" /></a><br />
После приёма энергетиков<br />
<a href="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Рисунок-10.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-7086" src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Рисунок-10-300x248.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="248" /></a></p>
<p>18 лет<br />
До приёма энергетиков<br />
<a href="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Рисунок-11.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-7087" src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Рисунок-11-300x222.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="222" /></a><br />
После приёма энергетиков<br />
<a href="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Рисунок-12.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-7088" src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Рисунок-12-300x228.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="228" /></a></p>
<p>25 лет<br />
До приёма энергетиков<br />
<a href="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Рисунок-13.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-7089" src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Рисунок-13-300x256.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="256" /></a><br />
После приёма энергетиков<br />
<a href="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Рисунок-14.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-7090" src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Рисунок-14-300x267.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="267" /></a><br />
В ходе дальнейших исследований мы примерно определили время восстановления показателей организма человека после приёма энергетического напитка. Используя выше указанные методики, мы провели измерения тех же показателей до употребления энерготоника, после (согласно данным научных источников эффект уже заметен через 30 – 60 минут) и затем повторяли измерения через каждые 15 минут, дожидаясь соответствия значений показателей их исходным величинам до приёма напитка.<br />
Полученные результаты наглядно представлены в табл. 6 и рис. 5.<br />
Таблица 6 – Время восстановления показателей испытуемых</p>
<p><a href="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Таблица-6.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-7091" src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Таблица-6-300x252.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="252" /></a></p>
<p>Рисунок 5 &#8211; Время восстановления показателей испытуемых<br />
<a href="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Рисунок5.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-7092" src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Рисунок5-300x149.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="149" /></a></p>
<p>Исходя из полученных результатов можно сделать вывод, что основная масса энергетиков позволяет почувствовать максимальный эффект после 60 мин и такой эффект длится, в основном, час или два, а потом идет медленный спад. Продолжительность действия энергетика зависит от количества выпитого, а также от возрастных, индивидуальных особенностей морфологии, физиологии испытуемых, скорости и интенсивности обменных процессов.<br />
Таким образом, полученные результаты подтвердили и дополнили известные знания о влиянии энергетических напитков на организм человека и позволили сделать вывод о том, что их чрезмерное употребление может сделать это влияние негативным.<br />
Исходя из полученных результатов, можно сделать следующие выводы:<br />
• В ходе наблюдения выявлен обратный эффект воздействия энерготоника – общее недомогание и апатия.<br />
• 2. Высокая кислотность энерготоников может оказать негативное влияние на состояние ЖКТ, особенно у людей из группы риска (больных гастритом и язвенной болезнью желудка).<br />
• 3. Приём энергетиков влияет на состояние сердечно – сосудистой системы и при чрезмерном употреблении может вызвать гипертонический криз, тахикардию и аритмию сердца.<br />
• 4. Продолжительность действия энергетика зависит от индивидуальных особенностей морфофизиологии испытуемых и составляет примерно 1 – 2,5 часа.<br />
Общий вывод исследования следующий – в состав энергетиков входят кофеин и таурин, которые просто используют резервные энергетические запасы организма, не давая ничего взамен, и при чрезмерном употреблении наносят вред организму человека, истощая его.</p>
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		<title>Features of the biogenic migration of trace elements in aquatic ecosystems Caspian</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2012/02/7917</link>
		<comments>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2012/02/7917#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Feb 2012 09:45:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>masok-1983</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[03.00.00 Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[биогенная миграция]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Прикаспий]]></category>

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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sorry, this article is only available in <a href="https://web.snauka.ru/issues/category/03-00-00-biology/feed">Русский</a>.</p>
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		<title>Krichkov А., Shnaybel О. Supraphysiological Mechanism of Ageing</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2012/02/8028</link>
		<comments>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2012/02/8028#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Feb 2012 16:41:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Кричков Андрей</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[03.00.00 Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gamma quanta]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gamma radiation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SSH&H]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[supraphysiological mechanism of ageing]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Studies as a part of this research work were conducted in: Research and production base, &#8220;La Lik&#8221; Ltd., International Center of Revitalization and Rejuvenation, (Russia). National Research Nuclear University (MEPhI), (Russia). Federal State Institution, A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical and Biophysical Center (FSI FMBC) (former State Research Center, Institute of Biophysics), (Russia). This work underwent the examination [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Studies as a part of this research work were conducted in:<br />
</span></p>
<ol>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Research and production base, &#8220;La Lik&#8221; Ltd., International Center of Revitalization and Rejuvenation, (Russia).<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">National Research Nuclear University (MEPhI), (Russia).<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Federal State Institution, A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical and Biophysical Center (FSI FMBC) (former State Research Center, Institute of Biophysics), (Russia).<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify; background: white;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">This work underwent the examination to the point of spectrometry section and got the expert judgement of the National Research Centre (NRC &#8220;Kurchatov Institute&#8221;), (Russia).<br />
</span></div>
</li>
</ol>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">This work provides a definition of the supraphysiological mechanism of ageing. That is, what launches the mechanism of physiological ageing.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">In the course of observations and studies, particles emitted by people were detected under controllable conditions. The wavelength of the particles was 7.87008 × 10<sup>-3 </sup>(nm); the wave frequency was 3.808 × 10<sup>19 </sup>(Hz); the particle mass was 2.809247 × 10<sup>-31 </sup>(kg).<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The fact that people emit such particles is closely related to the state of people&#8217;s health and their lifetime.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">A conclusion was made that a man is an open quantum and biological system interacting with the environment on a regular basis and emitting an electromagnetic wave in the form of gamma quanta. Mineral substances deposited in the bone mass enable people to generate the electromagnetic wave.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;"> Sections:<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Introduction – defining the supraphysiological mechanism of ageing as well as postulating the neglected ageing formula and substantiating it.<br />
</span></p>
<ol>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Proving the people&#8217;s ability to emit their own electromagnetic wave.<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Proving the mutual relation between the human age and percentage of the bone tissue mineralization.<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Evident statistics for the people&#8217;s ability to emit their own electromagnetic wave depending on the age.<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Distribution of the radiation power by the human body components.<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Visual experiment demonstrating changes in the human photon radiation.<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Historic documents and hypotheses about the experimental conditions making it possible to record particles with the mass being less or equal to that of electron.<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Experiment demonstrating changes in the people&#8217;s specific activity in the gamma spectrum and calculation of physical parameters of particles emitted by people.<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Interaction between gamma radiation and substance.<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Conclusion.<br />
</span></div>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-size: 19px;"><br />
</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;"> <strong>Supraphysiological Mechanism of Ageing<br />
</strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The supraphysiological mechanism of ageing is not related to the physiology of biological senility and does not explain it. The supraphysiological mechanism of ageing explains why physiological senility develops, i.e. why we get older.<strong><br />
</strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The term &#8216;supraphysiological mechanism&#8217; means &#8216;being above physiology&#8217;. People begin getting older supraphysiologically: women at the age of 20-21 on average, and men at the age of 23-25. Then the latent fading process begins. This stage lasts till 38-45 in women and 45-51 in men on average. Then physiological ageing processes begin, and a lot has already been written about them. One disease further results in another, and we face the outcome on an everyday basis.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">A man emits an electromagnetic wave in the range of gamma quanta in a definite period with the cycle reproducible on a daily basis. Gamma quanta are characterized by high energy, so it takes physical efforts to emit an electromagnetic wave in this spectrum. Such physical efforts required for intrinsic emission are taken at the expense of human internal resources, i.e. at the expense of stored inorganic substances distributed in our body and deposited mainly in the bone tissue. Since inorganic resources in our body are limited and hardly reproducible, the mass of inorganic substances reaches the critical level in the course of time. When the critical mass of inorganic substances in our body is achieved, the physiological ageing process is launched.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">1. A man emits a flow of gamma quanta at the expense of inorganic compounds distributed in our body, and the bone tissue being the donor of inorganic compounds plays an active part in this process.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">2. The latent fading process begins developing as soon as the bone tissue is formed (women at the age of 21 and men at the age of 25). When the critical mass of inorganic substances in our body is achieved, the latent fading period becomes a physiological ageing process.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">We know from physics that organic compounds and Н<sub>2</sub>О cannot serve as sources of gamma quanta. Water makes up 60% of the human body mass, and the remaining 40% of the mass are distributed between structural components and inorganic substances.<br />
</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;"> &#8211; 1 -<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Can a man be a source of electromagnetic waves emitted with the use of his strategic reserve? There was an experiment under controllable conditions and involving calibrated data confirming that he actually can do this.<em><br />
</em></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">If we repeat the Rutherford experiment with a man inside a lead chamber, we will observe a flow of beta quanta. Radioactive nuclides of our body are the source: potassium – 40 and carbon – 14.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;"><sup>40</sup>K, relative atomic weight of potassium taking into account the occurrence of its isotopes, is 39.0983, and its half-life t<sub>1/2</sub> = 1.28·10<sup>9 </sup>years. A man with the weight of 70 kg contains about 0.2% of potassium (140 g or 2.47·10<sup>20 </sup>atoms).<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">&#8220;There are two ways <sup>40</sup>K disintegrates: in 11% of cases, it disintegrates by electron capture (or K-capture by the number of the shell where the electron capture takes place): <sup>40</sup>K + е → <sup>40</sup>Ar. The remaining 89% of <sup>40</sup>K (1,2·10<sup>11</sup> atoms per year) disintegrate along with beta radiation: <sup>40</sup>K → <sup>40</sup>Ca + е. The energy of these beta particles is 1.314 MeV = 1.314·10<sup>6</sup> eV. As is generally known, 1 eV is equal to 96,500 J/mol or 96,500/6·10<sup>23</sup> = 1.6·10<sup>–19</sup> J per one particle. Therefore, the energy of all beta particles emitted by a human organism per year is 1.314·10<sup>6</sup>×1.6·10<sup>–19</sup> × 1.2×10<sup>11</sup> = 0.025 J or 0.36 mSv.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">There are about 14 kg of carbon in a man with the weight of 70 kg. Thus, 15.3·10<sup>3</sup> × 70 = 1.07·10<sup>6</sup> atoms disintegrate per minute and 5.63·10<sup>11</sup> atoms of <sup>14</sup>C disintegrate in a human organism per year. Just like potassium-40, carbon-14 goes through beta disintegration with much lower energy – only 0.156 MeV = 0.156·10<sup>6</sup> eV. Therefore, the total energy of all beta particles is 0.156·10<sup>6</sup>×1.6·10<sup>–19</sup> × 5.63·10<sup>11</sup> = 0.014 J or 0.2 mSv&#8221; [1]. The total radiation level of <sup>40</sup>К and <sup>14</sup>С is 0.36 + 0.2 = 0.56 mSv per year or 0.06 µSv per hour.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">In this experiment, the total value of 0.06 µSv per hour is accepted as the first calibration value.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The background level in the premises where the observation was carried out was taken as the second calibration value. The premises were at a great distance from megacities. The premises had concrete walls with the thickness of 25 cm, shielded roof, and floor with a concrete blinding coat with the thickness of 15 cm. The premises had no wiring or windows. The outer walls were rounded with soil up to the height of 50 centimeters. The background level was monitored for 14 days, and measurements were taken every 15 minutes.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The background level in the premises was taken as the second calibration value – 0.08 µSv per hour.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The outdoor background level in the area was taken as the third calibration value. The data varied from 0.15 to 0.18 µSv per hour in winter.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Fifteen people took part in the observation. Fifteen men aged 28-34 and having no pathologies underwent a prior examination for radionuclide radiation dose using the Human Radiation Spectrometry Method. The results for all of them were negative.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">In the course of observations, the men under examination were drinking water and eating light vegetable food, which underwent a preliminary radiation control. Measurements were taken every 15 minutes. Every man was observed for 24 hours.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">As of the date of the experiment, the terrestrial magnetic field was quiet. Activity of the Sun was low.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Using the term &#8216;emission in the gamma quanta spectrum&#8217;, we exclude the term &#8216;radiation&#8217;. The threshold safety dose for people is 0.3 µSv per hour. In the course of our observations, any changes in recorded parameters were within the range of safe values.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Figure 1.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Human emission of gamma quanta according to the circadian (daily) cycle.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh1.png" alt="" /><img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh2.png" alt="" /><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;"><br />
</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The horizontal axis is time.<br />
</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The vertical axis is the emission level (µSv per hour).<br />
</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The blue line symbolizes the background level in the premises.<br />
</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The red line symbolizes the background level in the area.<br />
</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The green line symbolizes the human emission threshold value.<br />
</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The violet line means the emission of <sup>40</sup>К and <sup>14</sup>С.<br />
</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The terrestrial magnetic field was quiet.<br />
</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Activity of the Sun was low.<br />
</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The following periods of time were selected for more detailed examination of gamma quanta amplitudes according to the circadian cycle: one hour of night-time activity (01:00-02:00) and one hour of daytime passivity (13:15-14:15). Measurements were taken and recorded every two minutes.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The following diagrams are given below for comparative purposes.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;"> Figure 2.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Readings are recorded every two minutes during the active period.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh3.png" alt="" /><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;"><br />
</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The horizontal axis is time.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The vertical axis is the emission level (µSv per hour).<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The blue line symbolizes the background level in the premises.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The red line symbolizes the background level in the area.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The green line symbolizes the human emission threshold value.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The violet line means the emission of <sup>40</sup>К and <sup>14</sup>С.<br />
</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;"> Figure 3.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;"> Readings are recorded every two minutes during the tranquil period.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh4.png" alt="" /><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;"><br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">Specifications of measurement equipment.<br />
</span></p>
<div>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse;" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 389px;" />
<col style="width: 79px;" />
<col style="width: 113px;" /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr>
<td style="border: solid 1pt; padding: 2px;" valign="middle"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Range of ambient equivalent dosage power H</span><span style="font-size: 13pt;">×</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;">(10)</span></span></td>
<td style="border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt; padding: 2px;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">µSv per hour </span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt; padding: 2px;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.05-999.0</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt; padding: 2px;" valign="middle"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Power range for the recorded gamma emission</span></td>
<td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt; padding: 2px;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">MeV</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt; padding: 2px;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.1-1.25</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The following conclusion can be made based on the experiment described above, which was carried out under controllable conditions and involved calibration data: The improvised Rutherford chamber (human adapted) provided a minimum exterior effect on people inside the chamber, and the man was a source of electromagnetic waves in the gamma spectrum.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The threshold emission amplitude can be different in different people: ± 0.02 µSv per hour.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The time shift is ± 2 – 38 minutes.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The peak emissions of gamma quanta being evidently higher than the area background radiation level were observed four times a day: at night: 01:00-02:00, 03:00-03:30; at the daytime: 12:30-13:15; in the evening: 20:30-21:15. There is the fifth peak at 10:45-11:30. It was identified but its statistical reliability is very low because activity of the Sun is high at that time, and the peak amplitude can be due to the increased natural radiation background.<span style="color: red;"><br />
</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">When we conducted repeated measurements two months later, closer to the solstice in spring, a time shift was observed: there was a shift in the emission peaks as they were observed 30-60 minutes earlier than before. It is related to the fact that the night becomes shorter and the day becomes longer. Emission peak times can also be related to the latitude.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The final conclusion for the first experiment is as follows. A man is a source of electromagnetic waves in the gamma spectrum. The threshold emission power and its amplitude are directly related to the circadian (daily) cycle and time of year. Therefore, they are related to the Earth&#8217;s revolution around the Sun.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">There is one note to the instrumental method: the instrumental method error is ± 25-30%.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Tools applied make it possible to measure gamma quanta in the SI units – in sieverts. Sievert is a unit defining the biological harm caused by radiation to one kilogram of biological tissue. In other words, measurements were taken not on the basis of direct radiation from the subject under examination but the radiation value of gamma quanta per one kg of biological tissue. Since there were only men in the improvised Rutherford chamber and exterior effects on these people were minimized, we think that it was the man who generated electromagnetic waves.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">- 2 -<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Is the bone tissue the place where inorganic substances are deposited? And is there any relationship between the human age and amount of inorganic elements?<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">It is known from literature sources that bone tissue is a special type of connective tissue taking part in the water and salt exchange. The chemical composition of the bone tissue is as follows: water: about 50%, fats: 15.75%, other organic substances: 12.4%, inorganic substances: 21.85%. Ossein (an organic substance) makes bones elastic and gives them their shape. Inorganic substances making up 21.85% are distributed as follows: calcium salts (87%), magnesium phosphate (2%), calcium carbonate (10%), calcium fluoride, sodium carbonate and sodium chloride (1%).<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">&#8220;As people grow older, the share of inorganic substances in the bone tissue grows, and the growing bones become harder. When growth stops (usually at the age of 20-25), cartilages are completely replaced with the bone tissue. When people are over 40, so-called involutive processes take place in bone tissues. The amount of bone substance reduces with age, and the share of organic substances in the bone tissue declines as well. Moreover, the content of water in the bone tissue is also reduced as if it dries out. Bones become breakable and fragile&#8221; [2]. <em><br />
</em></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">In other words, the ratio between organic and inorganic substances changes, and the latter prevail.<br />
</span></p>
<h3><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;"> Table No. 1 [3].<br />
</span></h3>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Chemical composition of the bone tissue and teeth (mass percent) as of 2004.<br />
</span></p>
<div style="margin-left: 36pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse;" border="1">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 43px;" />
<col style="width: 219px;" />
<col style="width: 124px;" />
<col style="width: 160px;" /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">No.</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Component</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Bone tissue</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Teeth tissue (dentine)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">1</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Са</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">34.8</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">35.1</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">15.2</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">16.9</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">3</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Na</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.9</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.6</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">4</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Mg</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.72</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">1.23</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">5</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">K</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.03</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.05</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">CO<sub>3</sub><sup>3-</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">7.4</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">5.6</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">7</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">F</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.03</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.06</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Cl</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.13</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.01</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">9</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">H<sub>2</sub>O</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Inorganic component</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">65</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">70</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">11</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Organic component</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">25</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">20</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Table No. 2 [4].<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Content of inorganic compositions in teeth as of 1975. <em><br />
</em></span></p>
<div style="margin-left: 28pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse;" border="1">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 45px;" />
<col style="width: 191px;" />
<col style="width: 332px;" /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">No.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Element</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Element content in teeth (mg/kg, %)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">1</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">H+C+O+N</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">23 – 26%</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">F</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">2,435</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;"> 3</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Mg</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">6,956.5</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">4</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">P</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">13.48%</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">5</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Ca</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">28.26%</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Information about the bone tissue is given as of the late 20<sup>th</sup> century.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Functions of the bone tissue are defined as follows: &#8220;Bones play a number of important roles in the organism: protection against injuries, movement and creation of calcium depot&#8221; [5].<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">In up-to-date studies, there are other data on the content of inorganic substances in the bone tissue and direct ratio between the concentration of inorganic substances and man&#8217;s age.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Such studies were conducted on the basis of the Chief State Center of Medical and Forensic Examinations, Russian Defense Ministry. Results of a study of the element composition of human bone tissues with the use of the laser mass spectrometry method were first published in 2007-2008. This method makes it possible to detect approximately 20 elements at a time, which are located in the bone tissue, and, first of all, elements with small atomic norms. To diagnose medical and biological signs of men with the use of this method, it is enough to conduct a quantitative analysis of elements found in the bone tissue at the sensitivity level of 1 µg/g. <strong><br />
</strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">&#8220;The elemental analysis of samples in the group (fresh bone tissue) was carried out by the laser mass spectrometry (LMS) method at VNIIIMT (All-Russian Scientific, Research and Testing Institute for Medical Devices), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Department of Toxicology Tests and Examinations of Materials and Medical Devices) using the laser double-focusing mass spectrometer (EMAL-2). The well-known method of reference-free analysis of biological samples (native samples) dried out to the constant mass was used.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Table 3.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Ranges of element concentrations in the cortical tissue detected in all of the samples under examination by the laser mass spectrometry method (&#8216;fresh&#8217; bone tissue).<br />
</span></p>
<div>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse;" border="1">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 42px;" />
<col style="width: 137px;" />
<col style="width: 149px;" />
<col style="width: 160px;" />
<col style="width: 150px;" /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr style="height: 106px;">
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">No.</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Element</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Bottom and upper levels of the element content in dry bone (mass percentage)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Bottom and upper levels of the element content in dry bone (µg/g, %)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Fluctuation in the element concentration value (times) (upper limit / bottom limit)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">1.</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">H+C+O+N</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">32.00 &#8211; 59.00</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">32.00 &#8211; 59.00 %</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">1.84</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">2.</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">F</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.02 &#8211; 0.40</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">200 &#8211; 4,000 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">20</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">3.</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Na</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.34 &#8211; 3.60</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">3,400 &#8211; 36,000 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">10.6</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">4.</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Mg</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0466 &#8211; 1.90</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">466 &#8211; 19,000 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">40</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">5.</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Al</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.001 &#8211; 0.04</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">10 &#8211; 400 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">40</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">6.</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Si</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.004 &#8211; 0.40</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">40 &#8211; 4,000 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">100</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 5px;">
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">7.</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">P</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">5.50 &#8211; 6.5</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">5.5 -16.5 %</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">3</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">8.</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">S</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.05 &#8211; 1.00</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">500 &#8211; 10,000 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">20</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">9.</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Cl</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.01 &#8211; 0.50</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">100 &#8211; 5,000 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">50</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">10.</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">K</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.10 &#8211; 2.50</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">1000 &#8211; 25,000 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">25</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">11.</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Ca</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">25.00 &#8211; 40.00</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">25.00 &#8211; 40.00 %</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">1.6</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">12.</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Fe</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.001 – 0.04</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">10 &#8211; 400 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">40</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">13.</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Cu</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0001 &#8211; 0.0055</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">1 &#8211; 55 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">55</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">14.</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Zn</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.001 – 0.06</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">10 &#8211; 600 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">60</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">15.</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Sr</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.01 &#8211; 0.2</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">100 &#8211; 2,000 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">20</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 11px;">
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">16.</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Pb</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0001 &#8211; 0.0066</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">1 &#8211; 66 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">66</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Elemental analysis of samples in the group (teeth of alive people) was carried out by the high-resolution mass spectrometry method with the sample ionization in inductively coupled plasma (ICP MS) at the Institute of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Crystal Chemistry of Rare Elements (IMGRE) using the device ELAN 6100 DRC made by Perkin Elmer. Spectrum interpretation and content determination procedures are completely automated.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The following elements were detected in the teeth samples using the ICP MS method: Li, Be, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr,Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th and U (62 elements in total). <em><br />
</em></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Table 4.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Ranges of element concentrations in teeth detected in all of the samples under examination by the ICP MS method.<br />
</span></p>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse;" border="1">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 43px;" />
<col style="width: 120px;" />
<col style="width: 156px;" />
<col style="width: 144px;" />
<col style="width: 168px;" /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">No.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Element<br />
</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Element detection limit<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">(µg/g, %)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Bottom and upper levels of the element content in teeth<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">(µg/g, ng/g, %)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Fluctuations in the element concentrations<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;"> (times) </span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;"><strong>1</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;"><strong>2</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;"><strong>3</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;"><strong>4</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;"><strong>5</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">1.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Na</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.1</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">1,931-17,646 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">9.14</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">2.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Mg</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.1</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">1716-12199 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">7.11</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">3.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Al</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.1</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.43-359 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">835.0</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">4.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">K</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.1</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">129-794 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">6.15</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">5.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Sc</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.02</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.01*-0.21 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">21</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">6.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Ti</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.1</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">1-15 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">15</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">7.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">V</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.1</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.04*-0.46 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">10.75</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">8.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Cr</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.05</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.05-4.0 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">80</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">9.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Mn</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.02</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.3-3.57 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">11.9</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">10.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Co</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.01</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.2-6.81 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">34.05</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">11.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Ni</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.01</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.25-13.2 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">52.8</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">12.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Cu</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.005</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.22-1.55 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">7.05</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">13.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Zn</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.01</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">73-2,878 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">39.42</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">14.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Ga</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.001</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.3-0.74 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">2.47</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">15.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Rb</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0005</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.114-0.994 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">8.72</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">16.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Sr</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0005</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">2.67-187 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">70</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">17.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Y</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0002 </span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">1.18-100 ng/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">85.0</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">18.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Zr</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0005</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.5-220 ng/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">440</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">19.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Nb</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.001</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">1-130 ng/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">130</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">20.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Mo</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0005</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.029*-25.0 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">862</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">21.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Cd</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0005</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.5-75.4 ng/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">150.8</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">22.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Cs</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0002</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.2-20 ng/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">100</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">23.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Ba</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0005</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">2.6-105 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">42</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">24.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">La</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0002</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">1-284 ng/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">284</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">25.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Ce</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0002</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">1-200 ng/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">200</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">26.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Pr</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0002</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.4-58.1 ng/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">116.2</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">27.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Nd</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0002</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">1-199 ng/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">199</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">28.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Sm</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0002</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.36-33.46 ng/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">92.94</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">29.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Eu</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0002</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.18-8.84 ng/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">49.1</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">30.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Gd</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0002</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.2-22.6 ng/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">113.0</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">31.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Tb</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0002</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.4-44.7 ng/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">11.75</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">32.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Dy</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0002</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.27-17.09 ng/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">63.3</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">33.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Ho</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0002</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.1-3.318 ng/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">33.18</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">34.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Er</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0002</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.1-9.08 ng/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">90.8</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">35.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Tm</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0002</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.1-2.705 ng/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">27.05</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">36.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Yb</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0002</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.1-9.37 ng/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">93.7</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">37.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Lu</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0002</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.1-13.77 ng/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">137.7</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">38.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Hf</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0002</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.1-15.3 ng/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">153</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">39.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Ta</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0002</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.1-39.17 ng/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">391</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">40.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">W</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.005</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">5-513 ng/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">102.6</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">41.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Re</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.00015</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.031*-30.03 ng/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">968</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">42.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Ir</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0002</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.044*-0.415 ng/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">9.43</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">43.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Pt</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0003</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.4-77.64 ng/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">194.1</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">44.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Au</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0008</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.23*-3.23 ng/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">14.04</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">45</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Tl</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0002</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.4-38.59 ng/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">96.48</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">46</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Pb</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.001</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.24-12.76 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">53.17</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">47</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Bi</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0002</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.001-38.2 µg/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">48</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Th</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0002</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.2-28.9 ng/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">145</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">49</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">U</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0002</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.5-23.5 ng/g</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">47</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;">* </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The bottom level of the element concentrations lies below the detection limit.<br />
</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Based on the elemental composition, it is possible to provide direct (complex) assessment of subjects by their principal medical and biological features (such as species, sex, age, height, territory of residence, natural habitat, local environment conditions, some diseases, prescription of burying, etc.) based on the available material. Such assessment is made based on the results of bone tissue elemental composition analysis with the use of computer technologies. It can help reveal a considerable list of human signs for identifying the man.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">For Na, P, Si, Ca and light elements (H+C+N+O), it was possible to relate bimodality to sex, age and body height of the study subjects.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Elements with high coupling coefficients are not subjected to Gaussian distribution and depend on each other. This means that the content of some chemical elements can be forecasted with a high degree of probability according to other ones, and such ratios can be described in the form of equations.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">We applied the multiple regression method to determine the relations.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">H…= 101.8 – 0.11P – 0.94Ca – 0.1S, (<img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh5.png" alt="" />=0.966)<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">P = -0.69 + 0.16Na + 0.11Si + 0.96Ca, (<img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh6.png" alt="" />=0.871)<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Ca = 5.44 – 0.82H… &#8211; 0.12Na – 0.24Si, (<img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh7.png" alt="" />=0.968),<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">where R<sup>2</sup> is the square of the multiple regression coefficient.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Diagnosing sex, age and body length. For the purposes of defining the character of the relationship between the concentrations of elements and signs under examination, the discriminant analysis methods were used.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">To separate men aged over 40 from men younger than 40, it is possible to use the discriminant function:<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">y = &#8211; 24,269 + 490 Light elements (H+C+O+N) + 2,693 Na + 25 Si + 743 P+2,691 Ca<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The decision rule is as follows: y &gt; 0 – the subject is younger than 40; y &lt; 0 – the subject is older than 40.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The probability of correct distribution of men was 0.82.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The following two discriminant functions are used for normalized data for the purposes of more gradual assessment of age-related groups:<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Y1= 4.97 – 1.304Na + 2.282Si    (57-82 years)<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Y2= 0.05 + 8.169Na – 7.951Si     (22-39 years)<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">And the following decision rules apply: Y1 &gt; 0 and Y2 &gt; 0 – older than 57; Y1 &lt; 0 and Y2 &lt; 0 – aged 22-39; Y1 &lt; 0 and Y2 &gt; 0 – aged 39-57.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The groups of elements essential for defining different medical and biological signs were established. Thus, sex, age and body length can be determined based on the bone tissue concentration of (H+C+O+N), Na, Si, P, Ca and S; the territory of origin (its geochemical aspect) can be diagnosed using the data on the concentration of residual elements in teeth&#8221; [6;7].<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Let us summarize. A reasonable conclusion follows from present-day data on bone tissue studies: the amount of inorganic compositions distributed in the bone tissue steadily declines as the man becomes older. The concentration of inorganic elements begins falling down at the age of 21-25, i.e. from the moment of the bone tissue formation. A slow reduction in the concentration of elements takes place by the age of 40. Then an evident regression is observed.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">For this function, y = &#8211; 24,269 + 490 Light elements (H+C+O+N) + 2,693 Na + 25 Si + 743P+2,691Ca, the rule y &gt; 0, which is related to the age younger than 40, can be achieved if the bone tissue contains quite a big share of inorganic compounds. The rule y &lt; 0, which is related to the age over 40, can be obtained in case of a low content of inorganic substances in the bone tissue.<strong><br />
</strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">People do not spend this amount of different elements on maintaining their vital functions on an everyday basis. The food people consume is enough for this. It is water insoluble elements, which are quite inert in the human internal environment, that serve as the strategic reserve for the people&#8217;s ability to generate their own electromagnetic waves.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The biological component of a man and Н<sub>2</sub>О, which makes up 60% of the human body mass, is less adaptive and can be regenerated fast. Cells can actually regenerate. It takes 150 days for blood cells to be regenerated, skin cells need 14 days, intestine epithelial cells can be regenerated every five days, and it takes a year for hepatic cells to be regenerated. The bone tissue is regenerated in ten years.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">In view of the latest medical observations, the dynamics of the mineral composition of the bone tissue is as follows:<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">&#8220;Women aged 21-80. The Percentage of Minerals (PM) at the age of 51-55 reduces in the trunk, ribs, backbone and pelvic bones. At the age of 56-60, the PM reduces substantially in ribs, pelvic bones and trunk. The PM is practically unchanged in the cranial bones and limbs. At the age of 66-70, the PM reduces most substantially in ribs and pelvic bones. At 76-80, the most substantial loss of minerals takes place in the backbone. At the age of 81-85, the minimum mass of minerals is observed in ribs, backbone, pelvic bones and lower limbs.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Men aged 21-85. The first signs of demineralization become evident in the pelvic bones at 50; the further reduction in the content of minerals was observed at the age of 55. At 56-60, the loss of mineral was observed in ribs. The third demineralized segment – the trunk – was observed at 61-65. At the age of 66-70, the upper and lower limbs are affected, and backbone and cranial bones are affected at the age of 71-75. The greatest extent of demineralization was observed in pelvic bones, ribs, trunk and upper limbs at 76-80&#8243; [8].<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">&#8220;The bone substance loss is considered to occur after 30 in people of both sexes. The mineral density loss rate in men is 0.3-0.5% per annum, and this index remains the same for their life term. In women, the process of reduction in the bone mass density is more complicated. Prior to the mesopause, it flows in parallel with men and achieves 0.7-1.3% per annum. After the mesopause, the bone mass loss is accelerated to reach 2-3% a year for the first 5-10 years, and then the bone mass density is further reduced by 1% per year on average for ten years after the mesopause&#8221; [9].<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">&#8220;Biochemical markers make it possible to diagnose signs of the bone mass loss at an early stage. There are two groups of biochemical markers: bone formation and resorption markers&#8221; [10].<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Bone metabolism is characterized by two multidirectional processes: formation of new bone tissue by means of osteoblasts and destruction (resorption) of old bones by osteoclasts, which are mutually related and determine the bone mass.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Based on the medical statistics given above, we can give an evident example of the total percentage ratio between the bone formation marker and bone tissue disintegration marker depending on the age.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Figure 4.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">General ratio (in %) between the bone formation marker and bone tissue disintegration marker depending on the age.<br />
</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The horizontal axis is the man&#8217;s age in years.<br />
</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The vertical axis is percentage.<br />
</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The green color shows the bone formation marker.<br />
</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The red color shows the bone tissue disintegration marker.<br />
</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh8.png" alt="" /><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">- 3 -<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The following observations provide an insight into how the people&#8217;s ability to generate electromagnetic waves reduces with age. The observations were conducted in a shielded room without any wiring to exclude any effect of any induced interference. We measured the background in the room, which was taken as the baseline level.<strong><br />
</strong>The number of participants in the observations was 55. The age distribution was as follows:<br />
</span></p>
</li>
</ol>
<ul style="margin-left: 82pt;">
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Age 4-14 years: 9 people<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Age 18-26 years: 15 people<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Age 34-40 years: 14 people<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Age 45-50 years: 6 people<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Age 65-78 years: 11 people<br />
</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The background in a special room making up 0.09-0.10 µSv per hour was taken as the control value.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Individual measurements of the participants were taken.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">In 95% of the cases, the distribution was as follows:<br />
</span></p>
<ul style="margin-left: 109pt;">
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Age 4-14 years: 0.14 – 0.17 µSv per hour<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Age 18-26 years: 0.12 – 0.17 µSv per hour<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Age 34-40 years: 0.10 – 0.15 µSv per hour<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Age 45-40 years: 0.08 – 0.12 µSv per hour<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Age 65-78 years: 0.08 – 0.10 µSv per hour<br />
</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">We can see that the more advanced in years a person is, the smaller his or her individual background is&#8221; [11].<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Figure 5.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Human background data depending on the age.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh9.png" alt="" /><img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh10.png" alt="" /><img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh11.png" alt="" /><img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh12.png" alt="" /><img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh13.png" alt="" /><img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh14.png" alt="" /><img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh15.png" alt="" /><img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh16.png" alt="" /><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;"><br />
</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;"> &#8211; 4 –<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">In the course of human life, the maximum pressure falls on the head when electromagnetic waves are generated. There are few distributed inorganic substances in our heads.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 2pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Table No. 5 [12; 13].<br />
</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 2pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Reference data on the content of inorganic compositions in the brains.<br />
</span></p>
<div>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse;" border="1">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 45px;" />
<col style="width: 87px;" />
<col style="width: 196px;" />
<col style="width: 189px;" /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">No.</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Element</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Body part</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Content</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">1</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Zr</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Brain</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.12 mg/kg</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">B</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Brain</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">1.1 mg/kg</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">3</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Сu</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Brain</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">60 mg</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">4</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Ag</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Brain</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.03 mg</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">5</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Zn</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Brain</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">35.52 mg</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Ti</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Brain</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.0017 mg per 100 g of the weight</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">7</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">W</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Brain</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">284.4 µg %</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Сr</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Pituitary gland</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">6</span><span style="font-size: 13pt;">×</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;">10<sup>-4 </sup>mg/kg</span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">9</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Mn</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Pituitary gland</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">256-288 µg per 100 g of the weight</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 2pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Teeth being a storehouse for inorganic substances compensate for the loss (see Table 4). All this is not sufficient anyway because most electromagnetic waves are observed in the area of our head. The maximum spectrum of emission falls on the head (parietal and cervical area) where there is the epiphysis with the brain sand (acervulus cerebralis), hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Since the load on such a small &#8216;transmitter&#8217; is quite great, its wear and tear occurs faster. How do we notice that we are getting older? It begins with our head. We get gray hair, our sight deteriorates and we have to wear glasses, there are wrinkles on our faces and we have artificial teeth instead of natural ones. This is the result.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;"> Then there is a dysfunction in how the pituitary gland and hypothalamus work, which results in hormonal imbalance disorganizing the functions of the entire organism. Frolkis V.V. [14] wrote in his work: &#8220;The genetic cell apparatus is under complex hormonal control. It… can change gene regulatory mechanisms. When we become older, changes in the endocrines function and blood concentration of hormones takes place, and this results in misbalance of the genetic apparatus. The glands are under control of a cranial structure – hypothalamus. In advanced age, hypothalamic control over activities of the cell genetic apparatus becomes weaker&#8221; [15].<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="background-color: white;">These studies were done to analyze the mechanism of action of the substance «Star dust» (SSH&amp;H), introduced in the State Register as a food supplement and as an additional source of magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, copper and chromium. This substance had a specific characteristic – it was statistically recorded that by ingesting it orally there were significant changes in the specific activity of man in the spectrum of gamma photon, which coincided for strength and facts in one second with the values​​observed in the daily natural cycle. This specific characteristic allowed to perform additional experiments.</span><br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Under the controlled conditions of dosimetry monitoring, there was an experiment aimed at studying changes in the specific activity of people in the gamma spectrum distributed by human body parts in case of peroral administration of «Star dust» (SSH&amp;H).<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The substance administered to people, «Star dust» (SSH&amp;H), underwent radioactivity examinations and passed radionuclide tests at the National Research Nuclear University (MEPhI). Based on the results of the test protocols, a certificate of compliance with the radiation safety criteria was issued.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Table 6.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Changes in people&#8217;s specific activity in the gamma spectrum by body parts in case of peroral administration of «Star dust» (SSH&amp;H).<br />
</span></p>
<div>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse;" border="1">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 45px;" />
<col style="width: 125px;" />
<col style="width: 216px;" />
<col style="width: 127px;" />
<col style="width: 127px;" /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">No.</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">Time</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">Head (µSv per hour)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">Chest (µSv per hour)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">Stomach (µSv per hour)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">1</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">Control</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">0.14</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">0.14</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">0.14</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">2</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">1 min 15 sec</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">0.21</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">0.19</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">0.18</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">3</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">2 min 30 sec</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">0.18</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">0.16</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">0.15</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">4</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">3 min 30 sec</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">0.15</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">0.16</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">0.15</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">5</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">5 min 30 sec</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">0.12</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">0.13</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">0.14</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">6</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">Е<sub>мах</sub> – Е<sub>baseline</sub></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">0.07</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">0.05</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">0.04</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The following dynamics is observed:<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Е<sub>мах</sub> – Е<sub>baseline</sub> = ∆Е<br />
</span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">∆Е (head) = 0.07 µSv per hour<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">∆Е (chest) = 0.05 µSv per hour<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">∆Е (stomach) = 0.04 µSv per hour<br />
</span></div>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Conditions of the experiment.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 71pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Background in the premises: 0.12 µSv per hour.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 71pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Background data for «Star dust» (SSH&amp;H): 0.14 µSv per hour.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 71pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Human background level: 0.14 µSv per hour.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The body part where energy undergoes maximum changes is the area where most work is performed. Therefore, the effect on this area is maximal. It is the head in people. The hormesis effect was observed in this experiment. People&#8217;s specific activity in the gamma spectrum tends to grow, yet human safe radiation doses were not surpassed in this experiment. &#8220;The term &#8216;hormesis&#8217; was suggested to symbolize the stimulating (favorable) effect of low doses of any toxic substances on the organism&#8221; [16] – Anisimov V.N. [17].<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">- 5 –<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">There was another experiment related to administering «Star dust» (SSH&amp;H) to people.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;"> Image 1 (Control).        Image 2 (Experiment).<br />
</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
<img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh17.jpg" alt="" /><br />
<img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh18.jpg" alt="" /><br />
</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;"><strong> 15:50:31                        15:56:51<br />
</strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">It was a visual experiment. It was based on the Kirlian effect. The experiment is visual but it is far from scientific assessment because the subject was under effect of an induced electrostatic field during the experiment. In the course of the experiment, the subject consumed three food substances: water – 200 ml, sugar – 20 g and «Star dust» (SSH&amp;H). When the subject took water and sugar, the spectrum color remained the same, so we need to describe the administration of the third substance – «Star dust» (SSH&amp;H). Image No. 1 was accepted as the control one. Then the subject received a peroral dose of «Star dust» (SSH&amp;H) in the amount of 0.6 g. Image No. 2 was taken 6 minutes 20 seconds after the substance was taken. The total observation time was 6 minutes 20 seconds.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">In this case, we can see a change in the color spectrum. The changes were as follows: the yellow spectrum color becomes green and blue for a short time.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">We know from physics that every color is characterized by its individual wavelength.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Table No. 7 [18].<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Changes in the range of photon energy depending on the color.<br />
</span></p>
<div style="margin-left: 30pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse;" border="1">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 73px;" />
<col style="width: 161px;" />
<col style="width: 160px;" />
<col style="width: 176px;" /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr>
<td style="border: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;"><strong>Color</strong></span></td>
<td style="border-top: outset 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;"><strong>Wavelength range, nm</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-top: outset 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;"><strong>Frequency range, THz</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-top: outset 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;"><strong>Photon energy range, eV</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border-left: outset 1pt; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Violet</span></td>
<td style="background: #6600cc; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">380—440</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #6600cc; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">790—680</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #6600cc; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">2.82—3.26</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border-left: outset 1pt; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Dark blue</span></td>
<td style="background: #0000f0; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">440—485</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #0000f0; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">680—620</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #0000f0; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">2.56—2.82</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border-left: outset 1pt; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle"><a title="Голубой цвет" href="http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Light</span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;"> blue</span></td>
<td style="background: #00c0ff; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">485—500</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #00c0ff; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">620—600</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #00c0ff; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">2.48—2.56</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border-left: outset 1pt; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle"><a title="Зелёный цвет" href="http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Green</span></a></td>
<td style="background: #00f000; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">500—565</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #00f000; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">600—530</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #00f000; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">2.19—2.48</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border-left: outset 1pt; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle"><a title="Жёлтый цвет" href="http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%91%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Yellow</span></a></td>
<td style="background: #f0f000; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">565—590</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #f0f000; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">530—510</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #f0f000; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">2.10—2.19</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border-left: outset 1pt; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Orange</span></td>
<td style="background: #ff9900; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">590—625</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #ff9900; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">510—480</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #ff9900; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">1.98—2.10</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border-left: outset 1pt; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle"><a title="Красный цвет" href="http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Red</span></a></td>
<td style="background: #f00000; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">625—740</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #f00000; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">480—405</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #f00000; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: outset 1pt; border-right: outset 1pt; padding: 1px;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">1.68—1.98</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">There is a wavelength change as the color changes, and the quantum output usually changes at the same time. In this case, the wavelength underwent maximum changes – it was reduced from 590 to 485 nm. The photon energy difference (maximum) was 0.63 eV. The wavelength was reduced as the photon radiation energy increased. <em><br />
</em></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;"> This experiment is an evident demonstration of the fact that when «Star dust» (SSH&amp;H) is administered, it is possible to record an emission of quanta and increase in the photon energy range in people in 6 minutes 20 seconds.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">- 6 -<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">In this work, in the course of a controlled experiment we created conditions to record particles emitted by people. As Mendeleyev D.I. put this, we &#8216;singled out&#8217; and &#8216;caught&#8217; this substance. According to the current hypothesis, we can assume that as a result of the experiment we recorded particles with the mass being less than that of electron.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Previously formulated experimental conditions confirm the hypotheses because we can confirm the fact of existence of superlight or vacuum particles:<br />
</span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">According to Mendeleyev, there is a connection between ether and radioactivity and &#8216;serious-minded researchers&#8217; can create experimental conditions upon seeing &#8216;a special ether gas coming out&#8217; of the substance.<br />
</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Figure 6.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Original work by Mendeleyev D.I., No. 1.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh19.png" alt="" /><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;"><br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">&#8220;I assume that the light or photo ray phenomena characteristic of radioactive substances seem to demonstrate the material flow of something unsuspended, and they can be understood by this means because special types of entry and exit of ether atoms must be accompanied by such disturbances of the ether environment, which are ray lights&#8221; [19].<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Mendeleyev&#8217;s D.I. description of an experiment conducted by Mr. and Mrs. Curie.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Figure 7.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Original work by Mendeleyev D.I., No. 2.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh20.png" alt="" /><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">&#8220;There is an impression that something material comes out of a radioactive substance – it flows fast in case of free pass through the air, and slowly when there is no direct and easy path. We can assume that a special ether gas enters a radioactive substance and exits it&#8221; [20].<br />
</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The vacuum physical condition is characterized by low entropy. It is quite possible that we faced superlight particles in the experiment where reduced entropy was observed. &#8220;Law of entropy reduction. Klimontovich&#8217;s S-theorem&#8221; [21].<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The Dirac equation forecasted the existence of states with negative energy. The relativist connection between energy and pulse in the Dirac theory is in the following form:<br />
</span></div>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">E<sup>2</sup> = p<sup>2</sup>c<sup>2</sup> + m<sup>2</sup>c<sup>4</sup>, which is equivalent to the following ratios:<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh21.png" alt="" /><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;"> and <img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh22.png" alt="" /><br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">In 1930, Dirac suggested to consider the negative states as an unobserved background fully packed with electrons. Such a background packed with electrons was given the name of &#8216;Dirac Sea&#8217; or &#8216;electronic vacuum&#8217;.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Both parameters were met in the described experiment: people&#8217;s specific activity in the gamma spectrum was increased after peroral administration of «Star dust» (SSH&amp;H), and entropy was reduced, which is confirmed by the reduction in the body temperature [22].<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Superlight particles have been discussed since the 19<sup>th</sup> century. There have been no statistically reliable facts confirming that such particles have ever been recorded. <strong><br />
</strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Mendeleyev D.I. forecasted the existence of vacuum particles, and Kobozev N.I. [23] described them and provided approximate physical and chemical parameters of such particles – he suggested that light particles play an important part in human physiology.<strong><br />
</strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">&#8220;Among the total entropy in the nature, there is the only entropicless but quite ordered phenomenon, i.e. logical product of our brain and consciousness. This property does not let us consider thinking, which is characteristic of humans only, as a direct product of the biochemical apparatus of the brain only because entropy is inevitably inherent to any biophysical and chemical system. Hence it appears that the brain can think without any entropy only if some &#8216;negative entropy&#8217; or &#8216;anti-entropy&#8217; is supplied to the brain&#8221; [24].<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Thus, being within the limits of the Mendeleyev periodic table, it is impossible to meet the condition required to create low-entropy states of the brain and consciousness under real-time conditions of the brain activities, i.e. under the temperature being a bit higher than the room temperature. The idea that the biochemical matter of the brain comprising heavy and complex molecules with the molecular volumes being millions of times higher than dimensions of geometric phase-space cells can support low-entropy processes is out of question. Therefore, we can assume there are some elementary particles of unknown nature&#8221; [25]. <strong><br />
</strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">&#8220;As compared to the atom matter, such particles will seem as areas of nearly absolute &#8216;material vacuum&#8217; [26].<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">&#8220;Possibility to consider &#8216;vacuum&#8217; as a necessary component of consciousness and life. Involvement of elementary particles greatly extends the brain functionality. Not only by means of reducing its entropy but also in other substantial respects: elementary particles as a part of relativist quantum mechanics can be transformed into other particles, propagate, &#8216;disappear&#8217;, become the &#8216;vacuum&#8217; (a state with the minimum energy and zero entropy) and emerge again. All this is unavailable for the atom and molecular matter, which is rigidly bound by the law of mass conservation. The matter is good for building soma only; carriers of mental functions and anti-entropy, which are necessary for life, can be found in the field of elementary particles and fields associated with them&#8221; [27].<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Mendeleyev D.I. wrote: &#8220;But at the present time, when there can be no doubt that the hydrogen group is preceded by the zero group composed of elements of less atomic weights, it seems to me impossible to deny the existence of elements lighter than hydrogen.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">The problem of the ether is more or less closely connected with that of gravity, and gains in simplicity when all question of the chemical attraction of the atoms of ether is excluded, and this is accomplished by placing it in the zero group. But if the series of the elements begins with series I containing hydrogen, the zero group has no place for an element lighter than y, like ether. I therefore add a zero series, besides a zero group, to the periodic system, and place the element x in this zero series.<br />
</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">I would like to give it a preliminary name of &#8216;newtonium&#8217; in honor of immortal Newton.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Neither gravity nor any of the problems of energy can be rightly understood without a real conception of the ether as a universal medium transmitting energy at a distance. Moreover, a real conception of ether cannot be obtained without recognizing its chemical nature as an elementary substance, and in these days no elementary substance is conceivable which is not subject to the periodic law. I will therefore, in conclusion, endeavor to show what consequences should follow from the above conception of the ether, from an experimental or realistic point of view, even should it never be possible to isolate or combine or in any way grasp this substance&#8221; [28].<br />
</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;"> &#8211; 7 –<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">As a part of studies of the effect of «Star dust» (SSH&amp;H) on human physiology, there was a study conducted in the Human Radiation Spectrometry Laboratory, Federal State Institution, A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical and Biophysical Centre (FGU FMBC) (former State Research Center, Institute of Biophysics).<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The goal of the study was as follows: to provide a statistically reliable measurement of the energy of human photon emission as well as theoretic calculation of the mass of emitted particles.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">People&#8217;s specific activity in the gamma spectrum (using a whole-body counter) was taken as the control data in the chamber (Human Radiation Spectrometry Method), and the measurement time was 600 seconds. As a part of the experiment, people received peroral doses of «Star dust» (SSH&amp;H), and measurements were taken based on changes in the specific activity in the gamma spectrum in the subject being in the chamber (Human Radiation Spectrometry Method); the measurement time was 600 seconds.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Equipment: detectors made by Canberra Industries, Inc (USA), ISO-9001 certified; the Federal Agency for Technical Regulations and Metrology issued certificates for the equipment confirming approval of equipment and verifying the measurement methods. Human Radiation Spectrometry chambers used in the experiment make it possible to obtain a hardware-based spectrum of human emission minus the background radiation level.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">There were three models: volunteers including a man with the body mass of 70 kg, and two women with the body mass of 58 and 52 kg.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Table 8.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Results regarding changes in the human specific activity in the gamma spectrum.<br />
</span></p>
<div>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse;" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 34px;" />
<col style="width: 165px;" />
<col style="width: 113px;" />
<col style="width: 90px;" />
<col style="width: 73px;" />
<col style="width: 96px;" />
<col style="width: 64px;" /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">No.</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">nuclide</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">reliability</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">activity</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">subject</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">dynamics</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">∆</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">1</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;"><sup>134</sup> Cz (Bq)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2"></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">9.9</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">M, 70 kg</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">increased activity</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">19.9 (Bq)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">29.8</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;"><sup>137</sup> Cz (Bq)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2"></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">89.6</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">M, 70 kg</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">reduced activity</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">- 16.2 (Bq)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">73.4</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">3</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;"><sup>40</sup> К (Bq)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2"></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">3,001</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">M, 70 kg</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">increase</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">473 (Bq)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">3,474</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">4</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;"><sup>40</sup> К (Bq)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.95</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">2,168</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">M, 70 kg</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">increase</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">775 (Bq)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.89</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">2,943</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">5</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Ra (Bq)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">1.00</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">157.2</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">M, 70 kg</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">reduction</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">- 157.2 (Bq)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;"></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;"><sup>40</sup> К (Bq)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.92</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">1,727</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">F, 58 kg</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">increase</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">4,304 (Bq)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0.92</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">6,031</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">7</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Not identified<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">(keV)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2"></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">M, 70 kg</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">increase</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">157.49 (keV)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">157.49</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">8′</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Not identified<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">(keV)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2"></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">F, 58 kg</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">increase</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">157.49 (keV)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">157.49</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">9</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;"><sup>40</sup> К (Bq)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">1.00</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">1,630</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">F, 52 kg</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">increase</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">1,072 (Bq)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">2,702</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Not identified<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">(keV)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2"></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">F, 52 kg</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">increase</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">114.38 (keV)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">114.38</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">11</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;"><sup>40</sup> К (Bq)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">1.00</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">1,840</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">F, 58 kg</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">increase</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">3,227 (Bq)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">5,067</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">12′</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">Not identified<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">(keV)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2"></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">0</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">F, 58 kg</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">increase</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">157.49 (keV)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: none;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt;">157.49</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">(8′, 12′ – there is a reliable peak on the spectrogram but it is not shown in the report).<br />
</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Hardware-based spectrum of human emission minus the background radiation level.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Taking into consideration that a reliable undefined peak of gamma quanta with the energy of 157.49 keV was obtained, the error is ± 45.78, the errors are 1.000 rms deviation (root mean square deviation), which was measured by using certified equipment in keV, a decision was taken to consider the energy change as the baseline level for the purposes of theoretical calculation of the mass of particles emitted by people under certain conditions. Data about an increase in the net area of the peak are a supplementary condition confirming the fact of people&#8217;s emission:<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;"> Table 9.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;"> Changes in the net area of the peak.<br />
</span></p>
<div style="margin-left: 57pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse;" border="1">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 149px;" />
<col style="width: 161px;" />
<col style="width: 180px;" /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Prior</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">After</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Error</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">31</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">51.3</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">± 6.91</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">0</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">10</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">± 6.09</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">35</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">96.3</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">± 6.97</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The mathematic calculation was carried out according to the Special Relativity Theory establishing a connection between mass and energy in the form of the Einstein formula E = mc<sup>2</sup>.<sup><br />
</sup><br />
</span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Wavelength.<br />
</span></div>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh23.png" alt="" /><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">, where<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">h is the Planck constant 4.135667 × 10<sup>-15 </sup>eVs<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">с is the speed of light 2.997 × 10<sup>8 </sup>m/s<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh24.png" alt="" /><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">= m<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">λ =<img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh25.png" alt="" />×2,997&#215;10<sup>8 </sup>= <img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh26.png" alt="" />×10<sup>-10 </sup>= 0.0787008 ×10<sup>-10 </sup>=7.87008×10<sup>-12 </sup>(m) = 7.87008 × 10<sup>-3 </sup>(nm)<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Based on the obtained value, we can conclude that the wavelength emitted by people lies in the spectrum of gamma radiation. A table for reconciliation is given below.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;"> Table 10.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh27.png" alt="" /><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Characteristics of the electromagnetic wave.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh37.jpg" alt="" /><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;"><br />
</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Frequency.<br />
</span></div>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh38.png" alt="" /><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">, where c is the speed of light and λ is the wavelength.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh39.png" alt="" /><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh40.png" alt="" /><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;"> = 0.3808093×10<sup>20 </sup>= 3.808×10<sup>19 </sup>(1/s) = 3.808×10<sup>19 </sup>(Hz)<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The obtained results regarding the wavelength emitted by people lie in the gamma spectrum.<br />
</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Verification.<br />
</span></div>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">According to the spectrometry data, Е<sub>1 </sub>= 0 keV, Е<sub>2 </sub>= 157.49 × 10<sup>3 </sup>eV<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">∆Е = Е<sub>2 </sub>-<sub><br />
</sub>Е<sub>1 </sub>= 157.49 × 10<sup>3 </sup>eV<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">On the other hand, ∆Е = Е<sub>2 </sub>-<sub><br />
</sub>Е<sub>1 </sub>= Ѱ × h,<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Therefore, 157.49 × 10<sup>3 </sup> = 3.808 × 10<sup>19 </sup>× 4.135667 × 10<sup>-15<br />
</sup></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Dimension: eV = eV × s × <img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh41.png" alt="" />, so eV = eV<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">157.49 × 10<sup>3 </sup>= 4.135667×10<sup>-15 </sup>× 3.808 × 10<sup>19<br />
</sup></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">157.49 × 10<sup>3 </sup>= 15.7486 × 10<sup>4<br />
</sup></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">157.49 × 10<sup>3 </sup>= 157.486 × 10<sup>3<br />
</sup></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">157.49 × 10<sup>3 </sup>= 157.49 × 10<sup>3<br />
</sup></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Mass.<br />
</span></div>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Е = mc<sup>2<br />
</sup></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">m = E/c<sup>2<br />
</sup></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">∆Е = ψ×h, therefore m = <img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh42.png" alt="" /> Therefore,<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">m = <img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh43.png" alt="" /><br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">In this case, the Planck constant h is equal to 6.626068 × 10<sup>-34 </sup>J×c<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Dimension<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">m =<img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh44.png" alt="" /><br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">m = <img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/022212_1640_KrichkovSh45.png" alt="" /> = 0.2809247 × 10<sup>-30 </sup>= 2.809247 × 10<sup>-31 </sup>(kg)<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">In all,<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">As a result of observations under controllable experimental conditions, particles characterizing the fact of people&#8217;s photon emission were detected.<em><br />
</em></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The wavelength of the particles is 7.87008 × 10<sup>-3 </sup>(nm);<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Frequency is 3.808×10<sup>19 </sup>(Hz);<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Particle mass is 2.809247 × 10<sup>-31 </sup>(kg)<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The mass of the particles is less than that of the electron by 3.25 times. Even taking into consideration the error of the measurement method (± 45.78), the mass of recorded particles is m<sub>part </sub>≤ m<sub>e.<br />
</sub></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Table for comparison.<em><br />
</em></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Table 11.<em><br />
</em></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Characteristics of elementary particles.<em><br />
</em></span></p>
<div style="margin-left: 39pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse;" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 131px;" />
<col style="width: 77px;" />
<col style="width: 94px;" />
<col style="width: 47px;" />
<col style="width: 94px;" />
<col style="width: 95px;" /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: solid 1pt;" colspan="6">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">Characteristics of elementary particles</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">Description</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;" rowspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">Symbol</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;" colspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">Charge</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;" colspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">Mass</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">C</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">e</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">kg</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">u</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">Proton</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;"><sup>1</sup><sub>1</sub>Р</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">1.6×10<sup>-19</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">+ 1</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">1.7×10<sup>-27</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">1</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">Neutron</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;"><sup>1</sup><sub>0</sub>n</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">0</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">0</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">1.7×10<sup>-27</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">1</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">Electron</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">ē</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">-1.6×10<sup>-19</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">- 1</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">9.11×10<sup>-31</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">0.0005486</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">- 8 -<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Electric and magnetic fields do not deflect gamma radiation, which has a weak ionizing power and very high permeability. Gamma radiation is short-wave electromagnetic emission with a short wavelength and, as a result of this, evident corpuscular properties, i.e. it is a flow of particles – gamma quanta (photons).<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Gamma radiation is a hard electromagnetic radiation, and it lets out energy during the transition of nuclei from an excited state to the regular one or less excited state as well as in the course of nuclear reactions.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Gamma radiation does not entail any changes in the nuclei charge and mass number. Gamma radiation is not an independent radioactivity type. A daughter (not mother) nucleus emits a gamma quantum, which is in an excited state when generated.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Gamma quanta have a zero rest mass and cannot slow down in a medium.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">There are several processes involving interaction between gamma radiation and substance.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">1. Photoelectric effect – the mechanism of gamma quanta absorption prevails at the energy of Е<sub>γ</sub> ≤ 100 keV.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">2. Compton scattering at the energy of gamma quanta of 500 keV &lt; Е<sub>γ </sub>&lt; 1.02 MeV.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">3. Generation of electron-positron pairs at the energy of Е<sub>γ</sub> &gt;1.02 MeV becomes the main process of interaction between gamma quanta and substance at Е<sub>γ </sub>&gt; 10 MeV.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">4. If the energy of gamma quanta exceeds the nucleon binding energy in the nucleus (7-8 MeV), nuclear photoeffect can be observed.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;"> Figure 8.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Energy of interaction between gamma quanta and substance.<br />
</span></p>
<p><a href="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Безымянный.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-8033" title="Безымянный" src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Безымянный.jpg" alt="" width="692" height="151" /></a></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 14pt; text-align: justify;">As a part of the studies, the human emission energy of 157 keV was recorded. There is no data concerning the interaction between gamma quanta and substance.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">On the other hand, astrophysics studies the Universe based on the diffused gamma background. Gamma quanta contain an important information about the nature and evolution of the intergalactic environment as well as structure and evolution of the Universe. Gamma quanta have high permeability and contain information about very remote parts of the Universe. Analysis of the diffused gamma background in astrophysics makes it possible to obtain information about the nature of remote astronomic objects located at a considerable distance from us and helps understand physical processes taking place in the astronomic objects.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">As a result, three components are reliable:<br />
</span></p>
</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">People generate electromagnetic waves in the form of gamma radiation at the range of 157 keV.<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">There are no data on interaction between gamma quanta having the indicated power and matter.<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">At the same time, the flow of gamma quanta the man emits contains a huge volume of information about the man.<br />
</span></div>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">What is the evolutional intention of the Universe? Why do people transmit information about them going to the Universe at the speed of light?<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">- 9 –<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">In the course of our studies, the following results were obtained under controllable conditions.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">A supraphysiological mechanism of human ageing instead of the physiology-based one was postulated. This means that it launches the mechanism of physiological ageing.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">In the course of observations and studies, particles emitted by people under certain conditions were detected. The wavelength of the particles is 7.87008 × 10<sup>-3 </sup>(nm); the frequency is 3.808 × 10<sup>19 </sup>(Hz); the mass of the particle is 2.809247 × 10<sup>-31 </sup>(kg).<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The fact that people emit such particles is closely related to the state of people&#8217;s health and their lifetime.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The man is an open quantum and a biological system being in continuous interaction with the environment.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">The man emits an electromagnetic wave in the range of gamma quanta four times a day.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">Mineral substances deposited in the bone mass enable people to generate the electromagnetic wave.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; background: white;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 14pt;">These studies were conducted to explain the mechanism of action of «Star dust» (SSH&amp;H) substance of the first generation.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; background: white;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;">Literature sources cited in this work:</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;">Leenson I.A. 2009. Radioactivity inside us, <em>Khimiya i Zhizn</em>, No. 7, page 36-38.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
</span></span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">Kaplan A.V. 1984. Age-related changes in the bones. <em>Zdoroviye </em>(84/12), page 12.<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">Putlyaev V.I. 2004. Modern bioceramic materials. M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. <em>Soros Education Journal</em>, <strong>Vol. 8</strong>, No. 1, page 45.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">W.Chairman Sryder 1975. <em>A Conventional Man</em>.<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;">Harry K. Genant. 1999. Recommendations of the World Health Organization Task-Force for Osteoporosis. <em>Osteoporosis i Osteopatii, medical research and practical journal</em>, No. 4, pp. 2-6.</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 7pt;"><br />
</span></span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;">Krymova T.G., Kolkutin V.V., Samarin A.I. 2008. Determining the human age based on the analysis of the element composition in the bone tissue. <em>Voenno-Meditsinskiy Zhurnal</em>, <strong>Vol. 329</strong>, No. 2, pp. 20-27.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
</span></span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;">Krymova T.G., Kolkutin V.V., Benyaev N.E. 2007. A study of the element composition of the bone tissue by the laser mass spectrometry method for the purposes of diagnosing medical and biological signs of people. <em>Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertiza</em>, <strong>Vol. 50</strong>, No. 6, pp. 19-24.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
</span></span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;">Sveshnikov K.A., Ruseikin N.S. 2007. Mineral density of bones in large body segments from the age-related point of view. <em>Sovremennye Problemy Nauki i Obrazovaniya</em>. No. 6, pp. 38-43.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
</span></span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;">Shostak N.A., 2011. Osteoporosis: modern diagnostics and treatment aspects. <em>Lechashiy Vrach</em>. 07/04, http://www.lvrach.ru/2004/07/4531513/</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
</span></span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;">Tyrtova D.A., Erman M.V., Tyrtova L.V., Ivashikina T.M. 2009. Osteoporosis in children and teenagers. <em>Bulletin of the St. Petersburg University</em>. Medical Department, Series 11. Issue 2, pp. 168-172.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
</span></span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;">Krichkov A.,  Shnaybel O. 2011. <em>Practical confirmation of the possibility to implement a crystal mineral matrix in the human organic matrix. </em>Moscow, Sputnik, pp. 38-39.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
</span></span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;">Vikkulova A.T., Ishmuratova G.M. 1999. <em>Bioelementology of s-, p- and d-elements</em>. St. Petersburg. Nauka, pp. 182, 186-188, 192, 206, 210, 220, 240, 249.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
</span></span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;">Ignatova T.N. 2010. Regional biochemical features of accumulation of chemical elements in the ash residue of a human body. <em>Proceedings of the Tomsk Polytechnic University</em>, <strong>Vol. 317</strong>, No. 1, pp. 178-183.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
</span></span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">Frolkis V.V. (1924-1999) – professor, physiologist and gerontologist, Vice-President of the Ukrainian Academy of Medical Sciences, Chief of the Ageing Biology Department, and Head of the Physiology Laboratory, Gerontology Institute, Ukrainian Academy of Medical Sciences, who came out with the adaptation and regulatory theory of age-related development (from the gene and regulatory hypothesis of ageing).<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;">Frolkis V.V. 1988. <em>Ageing and Increasing the Lifetime. </em>Academy of Sciences, USSR. Leningrad, Nauka, pp. 87-88.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
</span></span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;">Anisimov V.N. 2008. <em>Molecular and physiological mechanisms of ageing</em>, <strong>Vol. 1</strong>. St. Petersburg. Nauka, page 292.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
</span></span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">Anisimov V.N., Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of the Carcinogenesis and Oncogerontology Department, N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, President of the Gerontology Society, Russian Academy of Sciences.<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">Wikipedia, http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;">Mendeleyev D.I. 1905. <em>An Attempt Towards a Chemical Conception of the Ether</em>. Saint-Petersburg, typolithography by M.P. Frolova, page 38.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
</span></span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;">Ibid, page 38.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
</span></span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;">Klimontovich Yu.L. 1983. <em>Entropy reduction in the course of self-organization. S Theorem</em>. Letters to <em>Zhurnal Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki</em>, <strong>Vol. 8</strong>, pp. 1412-1416.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
</span></span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;">Krichkov A., Shnaybel O. 2011. <em>Practical confirmation of the possibility to implement a crystal mineral matrix in the human organic matrix</em>. Moscow, Sputnik, pp. 32-34.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
</span></span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;">Kobozev N.I. (1903-1974), physicist and chemist, Prof., M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Head of the Catalysis and Gas Electrochemistry Laboratory (1947-1974), Chemistry Department, Moscow State University.<br />
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;">Kobozev N.I. 1971. <em>A thermodynamic study of information and thinking processes</em>. Moscow, Moscow State University Publishers, page 173.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
</span></span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;">Ibid, page 177.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
</span></span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;">Ibid, page 181.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
</span></span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;">Ibid, page 182.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
</span></span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;">Mendeleyev D.I. 1905. <em>An attempt towards a chemical conception of the ether</em>. Saint-Petersburg, typolithography by Frolova M.P., pp. 26-27.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
</span></span></div>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13pt;"><br />
</span></p>
</li>
</ol>
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		<title>Шевченко М.Ю. Особенности функционального состояния слухового анализатора с учетом половых особенностей, местом проживания, свойств нервной системы и прослушиванием музыки в наушниках</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2012/04/11029</link>
		<comments>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2012/04/11029#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 31 Mar 2012 20:10:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Marischa</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[03.00.00 Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Верхний абсолютный порог]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Городские и сельские жители]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Прослушивание музыки в наушниках]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Пространственный слух]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Шепотная речь]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Исследованиям слуха в литературе уделено достаточно внимания, но они затрагивают, главным образом людей с теми или иными патологиями и посвящены коррекции уже выявленных нарушений слуха. Функциональное состояние органа слуха здоровых людей и факторы его определяющие изучены недостаточно. А между тем, в современных условиях, особенно городских, беспорядочный комплекс звуков создает особый шумовой фон, часто значительной интенсивности, [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black;">Исследованиям слуха в литературе уделено достаточно внимания, но они затрагивают, главным образом людей с теми или иными патологиями и посвящены коррекции уже выявленных нарушений слуха. Функциональное состояние органа слуха здоровых людей и факторы его определяющие изучены недостаточно. А между тем, в современных условиях, особенно городских, беспорядочный комплекс звуков создает особый шумовой фон, часто значительной интенсивности, что приводит к перегрузке слухового аппарата, снижению остроты слуха, ухудшению восприятия отдельных звуков. Говоря о воздействиях различных звуков на человека, особо стоит упомянуть современную привычку многих людей слушать музыку в наушниках от мобильных телефонов. По мнению ряда ученых, это подвергает слуховой анализатор особенно сильному стрессу. Таким образом, и<span>зучение влияния различных факторов на функциональное состояние слухового анализатора здоровых людей актуально в условиях современного социума</span> [1].</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black;">С целью изучения функциональных показателей органа слуха у студентов и выявления факторов, влияющих на состояние органа слуха, было о</span><span style="color: black;">бследовано 200 студентов в возрасте от 17 до 37 лет. Использовались методика Воячека «Шепотная речь», методика Блинкова для изучения пространственного слуха, тональная аудиометрия; многофакторный личностный опросник Р. Кэттелла, опросник Спилбергера-Ханина, сила, подвижность и уравновешенность нервных процессов определялась по методике Стреляу [2]. А также выяснялось место проживания студентов, слушают ли они музыку в наушниках, и сколько часов в день. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black;">Нами был рассмотрен ряд факторов влияющих на состояние слухового анализатора. Мы выяснили, что состояние органа слуха зависит от половой принадлежности. В частности низкие звуки лучше воспринимаются юношами, а высокие звуки девушками. Установлено, что состояние органа слуха зависит от места проживания испытуемых. Студенты из сельской местности, живущие в городе 5 лет, воспринимают низкие и высокие звуки намного лучше, чем те студенты, которые живут в городе 1 год. Величина верхнего абсолютного порога слуховых ощущений у городских жителей выше, чем у сельских жителей. Однако же пространственный слух лучше у городских жителей и студентов, проживших в городе 3 года.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black;">Наши данные противоречат литературным о том, что параметры слуха лучше у жителей сельской местности [3]. Это можно объяснить тем, что студенты, живущие в сельской местности менее подвержены нагрузке на слуховой анализатор. При этом адаптация к шумовому фону происходит значительно медленнее, чем у жителей города и тех, кто прожил в городе 5 лет и более. Если на ухо длительно действует тот или иной звук, то чувствительность слуха к нему падает. Степень снижения чувствительности (адаптация) зависит от длительности, силы звука и его частоты [4].</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; color: black;">На состояние слухового анализатора, влияют свойства нервной системы.</span><em></em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; color: black;">Чем ниже уровень экстраверсии, возбуждения, нейротизма, подвижности, тем выше показатели слуха. Чем выше уровень торможения, ситуационной тревожности, тем ниже показатели слухового анализатора. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black;">По нашим данным, длительное прослушивание музыки в наушниках понижает остроту слуха. Для студентов слушающих музыку 1 час в день и более характерен самый низкий абсолютный порог, а для студентов, ограничивающихся получасовым прослушиванием в день – самый высокий. Восприятие низких и высоких звуков худшее у студентов, слушающих музыку более 1 часов в день и наилучшее у тех, кто либо совсем не слушает музыку в наушниках, либо ограничивается 35 минутами в день.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black;">Наилучший пространственный слух, у тех студентов, которые слушают музыку в наушниках 1.30 минут в день ежедневно, и хуже у тех, кто слушает музыку 35 минут в день, полчаса или не слушает совсем. Для студентов слушающих музыку три часа в день и более, характерен самый высокий уровень ситуационной тревожности и преобладание процессов торможения над процессами возбуждения в нервной системе. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black;">В результате исследования мы выяснили, что функциональные показатели органа слуха обследованных находится в границах возрастных и половых норм. Показатели слуха взаимосвязаны  возрастом, половыми принадлежностями, местом проживания, свойствами нервной системы, а также с временем прослушивания музыки в наушниках.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%;" align="center"><span style="color: black;">Литература</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black;"><span>1.<span style="font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';">                  </span></span></span>Богомольский М.Р. Воздействие звуковых сигналов высокой интенсивности на слуховой анализатор // Вестник оториноларингологии, 2006. №3. С. 31 – 33.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black;"><span>2.<span style="font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';">             </span></span></span><span style="color: black;">Шевандрин Н.И. Психодиагностика, коррекция и развитие личности. М, 1998. </span>– <span style="color: black;">512 с.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black;"><span>3.<span style="font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';">                  </span></span></span>Фанта И.В. Эпидемиология – ЛОР заболеваемости в Санкт &#8211; Петербурге // Новости оториноларингологии, 2000. № 5. С.76 – 78.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black;"><span>4.<span style="font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';">                  </span></span></span>Капустина Т.А. Эпидемиология хронических заболеваний уха, горла, носа у сельских жителей Восточной Сибири. СПб., 2000.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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		<title>Подлесных С.В. Психофизиологические факторы, определяющие достижение высокого результата в гиревом спорте</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2012/05/11818</link>
		<comments>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2012/05/11818#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 01 May 2012 06:08:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Stefan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[03.00.00 Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[гири]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[личностная]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[рывок]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ситуационная]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[толчок]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[тревожность]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[фиксация]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[функциональное состояние.]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://web.snauka.ru/?p=11818</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Гиревой спорт за последние 15-20 лет получил широкое распространение. Современные достижения в спорте предъявляют высокие требования к организму спортсмена. Способность переносить тренировочные и тем более соревновательные нагрузки в значительной степени будет определяеться индивидуальными особенностями спортсмена, в том числе не маловажны особенности функционирования сердечнососудистой системы [4]. В связи с чем, изучение морфологических и физиологических особенностей спортсменов [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Гиревой спорт за последние 15-20 лет получил широкое распространение. Современные достижения в спорте предъявляют высокие требования к организму спортсмена. Способность переносить тренировочные и тем более соревновательные нагрузки в значительной степени будет определяеться индивидуальными особенностями спортсмена, в том числе не маловажны особенности функционирования сердечнососудистой системы [4]. В связи с чем, изучение морфологических и физиологических особенностей спортсменов является весьма актуальным для  прогнозирования будущих результатов в гиревом спорте.<br />
В исследовании приняли участие 56 спортсменов гиревиков в возрасте от 20 до 25 лет, разных квалификаций &#8211; III-го, II-го, I-го разрядов, кандидаты (КМС) и мастера спорта (МС).<br />
Определение силы мышц кисти, спины и ног проводили с помощью динамометрии [2]. Для оценки  антропометрических показателей, определяли массу тела, продольные, поперечные и обхватные размеры тела спортсмена [3]. Комплексную оценку функционального состояния сердечнососудистой системы осуществляли, используя метод вариационной пульсометрии по Баевскому с расчетом индекса напряжения (ИН), измерение артериального давления по Короткова и определение частоты сердечных сокращений с последующим расчетом оценочных индексов (СДД, СО, МО, ПС, КВ, ВИК, ТСК, ИА, ДП, КЭК).<br />
Оценка кистевой динамометрии выявила, большую силу кисти у спортсменов низкой квалификации в сравнении со спортсменами высокой квалификации, что вероятно обусловлено не правильной техникой выполнения упражнений. Данный показатель у всех спортсменов достаточно высок, и варьирует в пределах 50-56 кгс (норма для юношей 46), что иллюстрирует высокий уровень развития мышц кисти. Для спортсменов высокой квалификации характерна также большая сила мышц ног и спины являющаяся одним из важных условий успешного выполнения упражнений в гиревом спорте.<br />
В результате стандартных антропометрических измерений было установлено, что спортсмены высокой квалификации характеризуются меньшими продольными размерами рук, ног, туловища, но более высоким сводом стопы, вероятно, такие параметры обеспечивают эффективность системы &#8220;человек-предметная среда&#8221; с позиций биомеханики и эргономики, обеспечивая более быстрое достижение высокого результата. Спортсмены высокой квалификации в сравнении со спортсменами разрядниками характеризуются большей длинной, но меньшей шириной кисти это обеспечивает «удобный» захват гири. Все спортсмены-гиревики независимо от квалификации характеризуются гармоничным соотношением ширины плеч и ширины таза, однако у спортсменов высокой квалификации, грудная клетка шире и более уплощена в саггитальной плоскости. При обследовании обхватных размеров (бицепса, предплечья, грудной клетки, бедра, голени) спортсменов гиревиков в сравнении с теми же размерами, у спортсменов пауэрлифтинга и бодибилдинга, по литературным данных [1], было установлено, что спортсмены гиревики имеют меньшие обхватные размеры, такая низкая гипертрофия мышечной системы –обусловлена преобладанием красных мышечных волокон, характеризующихся большей силой, при меньшем объеме [4].<br />
Большая часть функцтоналдьных показателей сердечно-сосудистой системы (ССС), как у спортсменов низкой так и у спортсменов высокой квалификации, находится в пределах физиологической     и возрастной нормы, при этом для спортсменов высокой квалификации характерны: снижение ИН свидетельствующее о меньшем напряжении регуляторных механизмов у МС, увеличение вегетативного индекса Кердо (ВИК) (выраженное преобладание парасимпатических влияний), при этом если для спортсменов разрядников характерна эйтония, то для мастеров спорта ваготония, меньшие значения коэффициента выносливости (КВ). У спортсменов высокой квалификации минутный объем (МО) и систолический объем (СО) повышены, что говорит о большей силе миокарда, тип саморегуляции (ТСК) ССС у гиревиков всех групп сосудистый – наиболее экономичный [5].<br />
Таким образом, силовые, антропометрические показатели и состояние сердечно сосудистой системы, существенно различаются у спортсменов гиревиков разной квалификации и могут быть использованы при отборе в секции гиревого спорта.<br />
Литература<br />
1.    АксеноваЛ.В. Объемно-силовая система тренировок. – М.: Донецк: Сталкер, 2007. – 157 с.<br />
2.    Дорохов Р. Н. Телосложение спортсмена / Р. Н. Дорохов, Л. П. Рыбчинская. – Смоленск: СГИФК, 2001. – 120 с.<br />
3.    Гомонов В. Н. Индивидуализация технической и физической подготовки спортсменов-гиревиков различной квалификации: Дис. … канд. пед. наук: 13.00.04: Смоленск, 2000. – 165c.<br />
4.    Тихонов В.Ф. Влияние физической нагрузки на ЭКГ-параметры у спортсменов-гиревиков / В.Ф. Тихонов // Гиревой спорт [Электрон. ресурс]. – Электрон. дан. – Заглавие с экрана. – Режим доступа: http://www.girevik-online.ru/index.php/articles/31-article1<br />
5.    Федоров Б.М. Стресс, кардиологические аспекты // Физиология человека. – 1997. Т. 23. ¬ №2. С.89 – 99.</p>
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		<dc:creator>Xenia13</dc:creator>
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		<category><![CDATA[активный ил]]></category>
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		<title>The electrophysiological model of thyroxine, lydase and iodmethylate 2 (dimethylamino) ethyl ester N –(p-metoxybenzoil) – D, L &#8211; fenilalanyn influence under organic lesions of spinal cord</title>
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		<dc:creator>Хачатрян Тигран Сергеевич</dc:creator>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 14 Aug 2012 05:06:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Кричков Андрей</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[The first breath spectrograms show external, single and и simultaneous exposure of the child throughout the energy spectrum with concurrent activation of radionuclides and emergence of the new ones, which are not peculiar to mother. The entire process occurs in the time interval of 60 seconds to 300 seconds. The amount of statistical data allows [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">The first breath spectrograms show external, single and и simultaneous exposure of the child throughout the energy spectrum with concurrent activation of radionuclides and emergence of the new ones, which are not peculiar to mother. The entire process occurs in the time interval of 60 seconds to 300 seconds.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">The amount of statistical data allows to make a conclusion based on the binary algorithm, namely, in the process of delivery, as of the moment of the first breath of a child, emergence of electromagnetic wave is recorded in the gamma quantum spectrum. Supposedly, the source of the wave is a child.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">1 – Introduction;<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">2 – Equipment;<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">3 – Results.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">The authors express their gratitude to Chief Physician of A.A. Abrikosova Municipal Maternity Home No. 6 Braginskaya S.G., obstetric officers Arutyunyants A.G. and Blokhina T.V., pediatrician Alova S.V. for the possibility to make observations and measurements, support in work and professional consulting, and to all the staff of A.A. Abrikosova Municipal Maternity Home No. 6 for every possible assistance in the research.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">The authors are grateful to Chief Physician of the International Women Center Kusnetsova T.V. for the afforded opportunity to observe women of various gestational age and fir the professional consulting.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;"> Figure No. 1. Interactive event diagram (by gamma), excluding external background.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Figure No. 2. Diagram of events at count rate in gamma pulse per second (count rate 500 pulse/sec).<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Table No.1. Average activity of radionuclides by gamma radiation, as of the moment of delivery, the first breath and postnatal supervision.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">The spectrogram No. 1 – mother before delivery.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">The spectrogram No. 2 &#8211; mother after delivery.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">The spectrogram No. 3 &#8211; the first breath of a child.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">The spectrogram No. 4 &#8211; early postnatal supervision.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;"><strong>- 1 -</strong><br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">The biophysical studies carried out in 2009 – 2011 in the medical physics sector provided researchers with interesting information.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">A correlation between human physiology and activity of the radionuclides distributed in human body was revealed. Statistically-valid energy redistribution in human body was recorded within a circadian cycle that was observed in the form of changing activity of radionuclides depending on time of day.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">The radiometric and spectrometric methods applied in the research allowed for the conclusion that a human is a source of an electromagnetic wave in the gamma quantum spectrum. Intensiveness of human radiation in the gamma spectrum varies depending on time of day and reduces with ageing.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">An electromagnetic wave in the gamma quantum spectrum is identical to a photon flux, or to a flow of light, in other words. We can say that a human is radiant, and the luminous intensity changes depending on time of a day and steadily reduces with ageing.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">There arose a logical question, when exactly a human acquires the ability to be a source of an electromagnetic wave in the gamma radiation spectrum. In order to answer the question observations and test spectrometric measurements were conducted in the period of pregnancy and at the moment of delivery.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">The research was performed in the facilities of Municipal Maternity Home and Women Center for Pregnancy Support.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Participants in the radiometry sector numbered 18. Those in the spectrometry numbered 12. The total number of experimental subjects was 30 people. The measurements were made against human body, with end face of the detector. The margin of distance error was ± 0.5 cm.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;"><strong> - 2 -</strong><br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Equipment: Canberra InSpector 1000 – digital scintillation gamma-spectrometer, software Genie – 2000, stabilized scintillation gamma radiation detector unit with a NaI(TI) crystal. IPROS – 2.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Measured energy range was 50 keV – 3 MeV. Energy resolution in the peak of total absorption of gamma quanta with energy 661.6 keV was up to 8 %. External detection unit response to the gamma radiation of nuclide Cs – 137 – 1300 ranged ± 46 pulse/seс/µSv/h.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Spectrum length – 256, 512, 1024, 2048 or 4096 channels.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Integral nonlinearity – no more than 0.6 %.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Spectrometric tract capacity – no less than 5 х 10<sup>4 </sup>pulse/sec.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Maximal input count rate – no less than 5 х 10<sup>5 </sup>pulse/sec.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Verification certificate No. 3 – 22589/13311104 (Federal State Institution, Mendeleev Center for Standardization, Metrology and Certification).<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Equipment: Radiation dosimeter ИРД -02.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Specifications:<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Photon radiation dose rate measurement range, µSv/h: 0.10 – 100.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Photon energy range in dose rate measurement, MeV: 0.04 – 3.0.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Verification certificate 41054. No. 1К964, <span style="background-color: white;">Federal State Unitary Enterprise (FSUE) National Research Institute for Physicotechnical and Radio Engineering Measurements</span>.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Measurements of the control source.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">In gamma mode – (1.7 ± 0.1) µSv/h.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style=" 'Times New Roman';  14pt;"> - 3 -</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Average data obtained from the research.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Due to the sanitary norms and behavior ethics, it was impossible to arrange a low-background protection or to install a collimator in the delivery room. In order to obtain statistically-valid data the following values were introduced and calibrated:<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Е<sub>1 </sub>– <sub><br />
</sub>mother&#8217;s specific activity before delivery (µSv/h), (gamma pulse/sec);<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Е<sub>2 </sub>– child&#8217;s specific activity – the firth breath (µSv/h), (gamma pulse/sec);<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Е<sub>3 </sub>- measurement range child&#8217;s specific activity in postnatal supervision (µSv/h), (gamma pulse/sec);<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;"> Е<sub>4</sub> – mother&#8217;s specific activity after delivery (µSv/h), (gamma pulse/sec);<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Measurement data (by gamma):<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Е<sub>1 </sub>– 0.079<sub><br />
</sub>(µSv/h); 300 gamma pulse/sec (count rate 500 pulse/sec).<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Е<sub>2 </sub>– 0.1 (µSv/h); 320 gamma pulse/sec (count rate 500 pulse/sec).<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Е<sub>3 </sub>– 0.093 (µSv/h); 318 gamma pulse/sec (count rate 500 pulse/sec).<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Е<sub>4 </sub>– 0.084 (µSv/h); 312 gamma pulse/sec (count rate 500 pulse/sec).<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Calibration values:<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Room background was 0.075 µSv/h. 304 gamma pulse/sec (count rate 500 pulse/sec).<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Induced interference from the obstetrical team was 0.07 µSv/h.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;"> Horizontal axis is time.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Vertical axis is µSv/h.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Before the moment of delivery specific activity of mother and child coincide, therefore, there is a layover effect on the diagram.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">The interference from the obstetrical team 0.07 µSv/h – were not reflected on the diagram to avoid overloading of the picture.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Figure No. 1. Interactive event diagram (by gamma), excluding external background.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Calibration values:<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Green line – room background.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Measured values:<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Blue color – mother.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Red color – child.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;"><br />
<img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/081812_0505_KrichkovASh1.png" alt="" /></span></p>
<p><span style=" 14pt;"><br />
<span style=" Times New Roman;">Contractions First breath. Supervision.<br />
</span></span></p>
<p><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Figure No. 2. Diagram of events at count rate in gamma pulse per second (count rate 500 pulse/sec).<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Vertical axis – count rate, gamma pulse per second.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Horizontal axis – events.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/081812_0505_KrichkovASh2.png" alt="" /><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;"><br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Analysis of the spectrograms does not allow to make a conclusion about presence of peaks or enlargement of the peak area at the moment of the first breath. The spectrogram of child&#8217;s first breath differs from mother&#8217;s spectrogram only by less number of events throughout the energy spectrum. At the same time, increase is observed in gamma pulse per second count rate, as well as increasing dose value upon radiometric control.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">In the first face, this inconsistent fact is explained by activity of natural radionuclides formed in the period of fetus development, which manifested their activity as late as at the moment of child&#8217;s firth breath. In theory and in practice of the issue, activity of the radionuclides should have been manifested in mother in the period of pregnancy. However, no statistically valid data for any changes in photon radiation of a pregnant woman was found. The observable terms of pregnancy were 12 to 39 weeks. Additionally, recorded and measured activity of radionuclides is observed at the moment of child&#8217;s first birth, which was not peculiar for mother during contractions.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">In the observation performed, the aggregate activity of radionuclides was manifested in the form of increase in gamma pulse per second count rate and growth of dose value upon radiometric control.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Average activity of radionuclides by gamma radiation as of the moment of delivery, the first breath and postnatal supervision. Control measurement – mother&#8217;s spectrogram as of the moment of the first contractions and 3 to 5 minutes before the delivery.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">The analysis was conducted by the method of peak search by nuclide correlation (excluding external background) and by the method of minimal detector activity (MDA), activity of <sup>214</sup>Pb was measured. Libraries used: &#8220;ANSI Gamma Guru. NLB&#8221;, &#8220;STD Lib&#8221;, &#8220;NLB&#8221;.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Table No.1. Average activity of radionuclides by gamma radiation, as of the moment of delivery, the first breath and postnatal supervision.<br />
</span></p>
<div>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse;" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 109px;" />
<col style="width: 109px;" />
<col style="width: 109px;" />
<col style="width: 109px;" />
<col style="width: 110px;" />
<col style="width: 110px;" /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: solid 1pt;" valign="middle"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Nuclide</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Mother before delivery (µCi)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Mother after delivery (µCi)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">The first breath (µCi)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Early postnatal supervision of the child (2 &#8211; 5 min. after delivery). (µCi)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;" valign="middle">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Later postnatal supervision of the child (25 &#8211; 30 min. after delivery). (µCi)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;"><sup>235</sup>U</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">4.102 × 10<sup>-2</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">2.023 × 10<sup>-2</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">2.618 × 10<sup>-2</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">4.180 × 10<sup>-2</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">2.301 × 10<sup>-2</sup></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;"><sup> 40</sup>K</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">4.312 × 10<sup>-1</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">1.135</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">1.204 </span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">1.948</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">3.607 × 10<sup>-1</sup></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;"><sup>238</sup>U</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">5.808 × 10<sup>-1</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">9.011 × 10<sup>-1</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">8.000 × 10<sup>-1</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">5.100 × 10<sup>-1</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">3.204 × 10<sup>-1</sup></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;"><sup>214</sup>Pb</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">1.808</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">1.888</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">2.001</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">1.920</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">1.834</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;"><sup>214</sup>Bi</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">2.475 × 10<sup>-1</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">7.407 × 10<sup>-1</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">1.54 × 10<sup>-1</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">1.513× 10<sup>-1</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">5.367 × 10<sup>-1</sup></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;"><sup>238</sup>U + dau</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">3.993 × 10<sup>-1</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">4.823 × 10<sup>-1</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">4.968 × 10<sup>-1</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">2.010 × 10<sup>-1</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">3.192 × 10<sup>-1</sup></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;"><sup>231</sup>Ра</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">no</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">no</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">1.423 × 10<sup>-1</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">no</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">no</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;"><sup> 7</sup>Be</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">no</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">no</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">1.006 × 10<sup>-1</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">5.300 × 10<sup>-2</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">no</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;"><sup> 22</sup>Na</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">no</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">no</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">9.449 × 10<sup>-4</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">no</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">no</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;"> Pu</span></td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">no</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">no</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">4.192 × 10<sup>-2</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">4.290 × 10<sup>-2</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">no</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;"><sup>22</sup>Na – activity is specified as non-stable.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Observations: the children who have no transuranian elements according to spectrogram analysis as of the moment of the first breath are subject to respiratory failure during early postnatal supervision and intensive care. Prognostic on Apgar scale reduces in the absence of the following radionuclides: <sup>231</sup>Ра, <sup>7</sup>Be, Pu at the first breath.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">The identified radionuclides belong to natural radionuclides and have low activity. In 99.99% of cases the activity is below 1 µCi, thus enabling to classify the radionuclides as posing low danger to human health.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;"> Spectrograms.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Y-axis is event count.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">X-axis is energy (keV)<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">No. 1 – mother before delivery.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/081812_0505_KrichkovASh3.jpg" alt="" /><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;"><br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;"><span style=" 12pt;"><br />
</span><span style=" 14pt;">No. 2 – mother after delivery.<br />
</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/081812_0505_KrichkovASh4.jpg" alt="" /><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;"><br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;"> No. 3 – the first breath of a child.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/081812_0505_KrichkovASh5.jpg" alt="" /><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;"><br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;"><span style=" 12pt;"><br />
</span><span style=" 14pt;">No. 4 – early postnatal supervision.<br />
</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/081812_0505_KrichkovASh6.jpg" alt="" /><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;"><br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">Analysis of the spectrograms and activity of the radionuclides allows for a conclusion that there is no energy redistribution or energy transfer from mother to child.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">The first breath spectrograms show external, single and и simultaneous exposure of the child throughout the energy spectrum with concurrent activation of radionuclides and emergence of the new ones, which are not peculiar to mother. The entire process occurs in the time interval of 60 seconds to 300 seconds.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">The fact of emergence of new natural and cosmogenic radionuclides as of the moment of the first breath and disappearance of the same within 5 to 20 minutes doubt accuracy of the experiment. On the other hand, the steadiness of emergence of new natural and cosmogenic radionuclides and quick disappearance of the same suggest that we are facing an unexplored phenomenon.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=" Times New Roman;  14pt;">The amount of statistical data allows to make a conclusion based on the binary algorithm, namely, in the process of delivery, as of the moment of the first breath of a child, emergence of electromagnetic wave is recorded in the gamma quantum spectrum. Supposedly, the source of the wave is a child.</span></p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>Express determination of the sensitivity of resistant varieties of winter wheat plants to foliar treatment</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2012/08/16417</link>
		<comments>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2012/08/16417#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 15 Aug 2012 10:17:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>mb</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[03.00.00 Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Triticum aestivum L.]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[внекорневая обработка]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[жидкие азотные удобрения]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[некорневая обработка]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[озимая пшеница]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[оптическая плотность растворов.]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[электропроводность]]></category>

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		<title>Particularities of the action of the over low dosages of some choline esters and amides on extracellular electrical activity of rat&#8217;s spinal cord single motoneurons in conditions of experimental hyperthyroidism</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2012/08/16439</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 15 Aug 2012 10:58:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Хачатрян Тигран Сергеевич</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[03.00.00 Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[вызванная активность]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Мотонейроны]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[фоновая активность]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[холиновые производные]]></category>

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		<title></title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2012/08/16520</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 18 Aug 2012 05:00:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Кричков Андрей</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[03.00.00 Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[first photon preparation]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Intersectoral AlMANAC 3 (36) Issue 2012, ISSN 2226 – 8472, pages 16 &#8211; 18. &#160; Within the scope of professional activities biophysical studies of the preparation &#8220;Star Dust&#8221; (SSH&#38;H) were conducted in the medical physics section. The preparation received state registration and was recorded in the state register. Research was performed on a chemical-biological model [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 35pt;"><span><em>Intersectoral AlMANAC 3 (36) Issue 2012, ISSN 2226 – 8472, pages 16 &#8211; 18.</em></span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span> Within the scope of professional activities biophysical studies of the preparation &#8220;Star Dust&#8221; (SSH&amp;H) were conducted in the medical physics section. The preparation received state registration and was recorded in the state register.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Research was performed on a chemical-biological model in the facilities of the Laboratory of Russian Federation State Health Care Institution &#8220;Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology&#8221;, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, and Federal State Budget-Funded Institution N.N. Petrov Research Institute of the Russian Federation Ministry of Public Health and Social Development. The results obtained from the research allowed for the following conclusions: an explicit effect of combating the carcinogenic factors (in the urethane group), a slowdown in the tumor development dynamics, a reduction of metastasis frequency, an express heroprotection effect, and a decrease of average body temperature by 0.2º С. Deceleration of malignant neoplastic process down to 59 %, complete resorption of malignant tumors up to 13 %, and extension of average and maximum expectancy of life were detected. Preclinical studies provided promising results in revitalization of the blood hormonal profile in the form of increase of somatotropine and testosterone concentration (in males) and reduction of lactogenic hormone.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Statistically-valid proofs were obtained that preparation &#8220;Star Dust&#8221; (SSH&amp;H) has no toxic properties and that it is carcinogenicity and radiation safe. The promising research data, repeatable statistics and condition of the patients proved safety, reliability and efficiency of the preparation. Thereby, the product under investigation does not contain any active component and it is generally inert towards human body cells. Administration of the preparation has no effect on viability, proliferation limit, morphology, chromosome aberration frequency and telomere length in human cells. The study proved that the preparation is an absolutely natural product.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>For the same reason, due to absence of any active component, the preparation was registered as a dietary supplement. In accordance with the legislative regulations, a drug preparation must inherently contain an active component.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>The issue of greatest concern for the research teams was the action mechanism of the preparation. There was no explanation of the action mechanism whereas the preparation had a comprehensive positive effect on human physiology. For this purpose physic-biological studies were conducted.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Objective: to perform statistically valid measurement of changes in the specific activity of radionuclide in human body upon (oral) administration of the preparation. The preparation administered by humans was tested in the National Research Nuclear University (MEPhI) for radioactivity and presence of radionuclides. According to the test reports Certificate of Conformity with Radiation Safety Criteria was obtained. Further tests were performed in the facilities of the Human Radiation Spectrometry Laboratory of Federal State Institution, A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical and Biophysical Center (FSI FMBC) (former State Research Center, Institute of Biophysics). Equipment: a solid-state gamma-emission detector of Canberra Industries, Inc (USA) GC10021 No b08108 was used, fitted with pulse analyzer DSA-1000 No. 00000699 and software Genie-2000 (V3.2.1).<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Measurement time: control measurement – 5 minutes. Experiment – 5 minutes. Total measurement time – 10 minutes. Control was arranged by peak area. The test results were as follows<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span><strong>Figure No 1. Control spectrogram. Figure No 2. Experiment spectrogram<br />
</strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/081812_0459_KrichkovSh1.jpg" alt="" /><img src="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/081812_0459_KrichkovSh2.jpg" alt="" /><span><br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>By <sup>40</sup>К (1460 keV), there is an increase from 1.727 × 10<sup>3 </sup>Bq to 6.031 × 10<sup>3 </sup>Bq and from 1.840 × 10<sup>3 </sup>Bq to 5.067 × 10<sup>3 </sup>Bq. Net peak area increased concurrently. Furthermore, there is a decrease in activity by Ra + dau, <sup>137</sup>Cz.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span><strong><span><br />
</span><span>Table No. 1. Changes in the net peak area by 1460 keV.<br />
</span></strong></span></p>
<div>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse;" border="0" align="center">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 149px;" />
<col style="width: 161px;" />
<col style="width: 140px;" /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Before</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>After</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: solid 1pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Error margin</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>31</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>51.3</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>± 6.91</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: solid 1pt; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>35</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>96.3</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid 1pt; border-right: solid 1pt;">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>± 6.97</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>In order to exclude any radionuclides by photon energy Е = 1460 keV, namely: <sup>40</sup><sub>19 </sub>К; <sup>65</sup><sub>28</sub>Ni», the preparation was subject to additional spectrometry test that did not prove presence of any radionuclides by these photon energies. The tested preparation is free from any chemical elements and possible radionuclides that could influence changes in human energy, in gamma-quantum spectrum. The preparation manifests its biological activity exclusively upon interaction with internal medium of human body.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Since observable change in the specific activity in human body within the gamma-quantum spectrum is identical to the photon flux, attributions of the preparation &#8220;Star Dust&#8221; (SSH&amp;H) to the photon preparations cluster should be deemed correct. The tested preparation has no analogues.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>The test results were subject to substantive examination in the spectrometry section and received expert appraisal from Federal State Unitary Enterprise Russian Scientific Centre Kurchatov Institute. The expert examination proved correctness and accuracy of the tests completed, and opinion was issued for application of the preparation &#8220;Star Dust&#8221; (SSH&amp;H) as follows: &#8220;if we believe the submitted measurement data to be reliable, an assumption can be made that the cause of change in the readings is changing distribution of radioactive sources in human body due to administration of the preparation &#8220;Star Dust&#8221; (SSH&amp;H)&#8221;.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>The major action mechanism of the preparation in case of administration by humans is comprises support of human ability to generate an electromagnetic wave in the gamma-quantum spectrum regardless of the human age, which is natural for human physiology and consistent. With the course of time a reduction of average body temperature (entropy) is observed, than restoration of the blood hormone profile is evidenced. Cumulatively, the two effects make it possible to subject to remission diseases of various etiology and to cause principle slowdown of the physiological ageing process.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>In the course of discussion of the completed experiments the question was raised that required explanations. Administration of the preparation results in statistically valid changes of activity by <sup>40</sup>К (increasing activity and enlarged peak area), (Human Radiation Spectrometry studies) although the initial preparation demonstrates only trace quantities of potassium, which are physically unable to perform the observable reaction. On the other hand, should we suppose that the observable reaction is caused by the endogenous potassium which is distributed in the body, the observable biological effects would have been negative for a human. In the first instance, negative changes would have been recorded in the cardiac muscle functions. Excessive consumption of potassium would have been observed, since potassium is responsible for the myocardium pump function and exhausts steadily with advancing age. Potassium concentration in a human body has long been a prognostic of myocardium disorders. However, administration of the preparation strengthens cardiac muscle instead. Therefore, endogenous potassium cannot participate in the observable reaction.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>This is administration of the preparation rather than endogenous potassium that causes the activity growth by <sup>40</sup>К. The preparation contains Са (5%), which is a descendant nuclide to <sup>40</sup>К. As a result of the nuclear reaction that occurs in human body upon administration of the preparation mother nuclide <sup>40</sup>К appears from the descendant nuclide Ca as recorded by spectrometry. The reaction is short, but the time parameter itself claims attention, for the short period of time for enough for 1.248 × 10<sup>9 </sup>years step back. This is how long it takes <sup>40</sup>К to turn into Ca in a natural cycle. <sup>40</sup>К existing on the Earth was formed concurrently with the planet emergence and since then the nuclide has gradually decomposed. Half-life of <sup>40</sup>К is 1.248 × 10<sup>9 </sup>years. The long half-life is the reason why <sup>40</sup>К has survived to date. There are two patterns of <sup>40</sup>К decomposition: with a probability of 89.28 % turns into <sup>40</sup>Са, and with the probability of 10.72 % <sup>40</sup>К turns into <sup>40</sup>Ar.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span><span style="background-color: white;">A process opposite to radioactive decay, i.e. initial nucleus synthesis from the dau</span>ghter nucleus could be an explanation for the observable effect. From the point of view of physics, this is a discrepant proposal. However, it is absolutely consistent where we observe the person who takes the preparation. A year of administration of the preparation stops physiological ageing in people, 16 &#8211; 18 months later stabilization occurs followed by return to the past. This is evidences by blood biochemical parameters. Concentration of somatotropine and testosterone in 50 years old men corresponded to the age of 37 – 40. Appearance improves up to what it was 5 – 8 ago without any cosmetologic manipulations.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>Current physiological research correlated with human physiology provide more and more data proving that there are phenomena from the sphere of physics above human biology [1]. This is a suprabiological phenomenon. The phenomenon exists indeed, however, its effects can hardly be recorded by processing equipment, which makes conditions for the research specification still more complicated.<br />
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>The importance of the suprabiological phenomenon can be determined by results of the above described tests. Actually, the reaction with gamma quantum release, which is recorded by a spectrometer upon administration of the preparation, lasts for 10<sup>-13 </sup>- 10<sup>-16</sup> seconds. In this interval of time a physical return to the past occurs, 1.248 × 10<sup>9 </sup>years back. These fractions of a second are enough for a human who takes the preparation for a year and more, to arrest age-specific changes and then to return back to one&#8217;s positive past times. In this case a physical effect incorporates a biological effect, no vice versa.</span></p>
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		<title>Influence of processing plants and potassium monophosphate fungicide on grain yield of intensive varieties of ozimaya wheat</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2012/10/17930</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 27 Oct 2012 15:26:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Anna_Gulaeva</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[03.00.00 Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Triticum aestivum L.]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[зерновая производительность]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[озимая пшеница]]></category>
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		<title>The features of changing on concentration of thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroid hormones in the blood of twelve-month rats under experimental hypothyroidism before and after the action of choline ester of N-(4-brombenzoyl)-α,β-dehydrophenylalanyn</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2012/10/17937</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 27 Oct 2012 17:42:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Хачатрян Тигран Сергеевич</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[03.00.00 Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[возрастные группы]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[гипотиреоз]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[тиреоидные гормоны]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[холиновые эфиры]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[щитовидная железа]]></category>

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		<title>Соловьев А.А., Юдицкий А.Д. Резистентность эритроцитов при действии инсулина и гидролитических ферментов</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2012/11/18169</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 04 Nov 2012 07:23:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>anton</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[03.00.00 Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[14.00.00 Medicine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[15.00.00 Pharmaceuticals]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Проблема сахарного диабета занимает важное место в современной медицине. Большое количество исследований во всем мире направлены на установление этиологии, патогенеза, совершенствование методов диагностики и лечения данного заболевания. В настоящее время в качестве основного препарата в терапии сахарного диабета используется инсулин. Четко раскрыты терапевтические эффекты данного препарата, однако, любое лекарство имеет побочные действия, которые, порой непредсказуемы, [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Проблема сахарного диабета занимает важное место в современной медицине. Большое количество исследований во всем мире направлены на установление этиологии, патогенеза, совершенствование методов диагностики и лечения данного заболевания.</p>
<p>В настоящее время в качестве основного препарата в терапии сахарного диабета используется инсулин. Четко раскрыты терапевтические эффекты данного препарата, однако, любое лекарство имеет побочные действия, которые, порой непредсказуемы, поэтому необходимо как можно подробнее изучить влияние инсулина на организм.</p>
<p>Процесс гемолиза эритроцитов по литературным данным (И.А.Терский и др.) делится на несколько стадий. <strong>В прегемолитической стадии</strong> происходит выход ионов калия из клетки в окружающую среду а также сферуляция эритроцитов. В стадии <strong>осмотического гемоглобинолиза</strong> эритроцит набухает за пределы критического объема, что приводит к повреждению поверхности и выходу большей части гемоглобина в плазму. Третья стадия – <strong>стадия химического гемоглобинолиза</strong> – характеризуется полным отщеплением гемоглобина и переходом части стеринов (около 30-40%) в окружающую среду. В следующей стадии наблюдается разрушение клеточных структур эритроцитов. В ней различают две фазы:</p>
<p><strong>1. фаза стромопороза</strong>, в которой морфологическая целостность форменных элементов еще сохраняется, хотя клетки уже свободно пропускают электрический ток; <strong>2. фаза строматолиза</strong>, когда происходит полный распад стромы эритроцитов.</p>
<p>Для изучения стадий гемолиза проведено измерение диаметров эритроцитов с использованием программы image pro.</p>
<p>Специалистами было показано, что при химическом гемолизе сферуляции и разбуханию эритроцитов предшествует этап проникновения гемолитика в клетку. Возможны два варианта: мембрана может быть проницаема и непроницаема для гемолитика. В первом случае гемолитик свободно проникает внутрь клетки, нарушает упорядочение протоплазматических структур и переводит большую часть молекул в растворенное состояние. Распадается также упорядоченная упаковка гемоглобина. В результате этих процессов осмотическое давление внутри клетки увеличивается. Далее гемолиз развивается по осмотическому пути. Если же оболочка клетки непроницаема для действующего агента, к процессу гемолиза добавляется еще один этап. Проникновение гемолитика в клетку предшествует повреждение оболочки. В результате этого мембрана эритроцитов утрачивает непроницаемость для молекул лизина, после чего процесс развивается по ранее описанному пути.</p>
<p><strong>Целью исследования </strong>явилось изучение влияния инсулина на мембраны эритроцитов.</p>
<p>В ряде опытов на букальном эпителии и эритроцитах нами отмечен гемолиз и разрушение клеток при обработке инсулином высокой концентрации.</p>
<p><strong>Объект исследования:</strong> эритроциты больных ИБС.</p>
<p><strong>Задачи:</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Определение резистентности и степени гемолиза эритроцитов при обработке инсулином.</li>
<li>Определение резистентности и степени гемолиза клеток при обработке трипсином.</li>
<li>Сравнение резистентности и степени гемолиза эритроцитов при действии инсулина и гидролитических ферментов</li>
</ol>
<p>Эритроциты обрабатывали инсулином концентрацией 50%, 75%, 100%. Параллельно обрабатывали клетки трипсином в том же разведении. Контролем служили эритроциты, помещаемые в 0,9% NaCl.</p>
<p>Исследовали степень гемолиза эритроцитов: подсчитывали процент клеток с сохраненным гемоглобином и клеток с вышедшим гемоглобином, затем измерялся диаметр клеток обоих групп.</p>
<p>На снимках все эритроциты мы разделили на две группы: эритроциты с сохраненным гемоглобином (ЭСГ) и эритроциты с вышедшим гемоглобином (ЭВГ).</p>
<p>Полученные результаты показали, что при увеличении концентрации инсулина наблюдается уменьшение процента клеток с сохраненным гемоглобином. При действии инсулина изменения более значительны, чем при действии трипсина. Диаметр ЭСГ был ниже, чем диаметр ЭВГ при всех концентрациях у клеток обеих групп. Однако при действии инсулина увеличение клеток более выражено. Данные результаты подтверждаются теорией гемолиза.</p>
<p><strong>По результатам исследования были сделаны следующие выводы:</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>При увеличении концентрации инсулина и трипсина резистентность эритроцитов уменьшается.</li>
<li>Резистентность эритроцитов при обработке инсулином ниже чем при обработке трипсином в тех же разведениях</li>
<li>При обработке инсулином и  трипсином прослеживается стадийность процесса гемолиза и  при воздействии инсулина гемолиз более выражен.</li>
<li>Инсулин обладает сходным действием с гидролитическими ферментами, однако, существуют различия, которые требуют дальнейшего изучения.</li>
</ol>
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		<title>The effect treatment of fungicide amistar extra on photosynthesis and productivity of winter wheat on different doses of phosphorus nutrition</title>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 14 Nov 2012 08:08:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Anna_Gulaeva</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[03.00.00 Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Triticum aestivum L.]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[зерновая продуктивность.]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[озимая пшеница]]></category>
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		<title>Кумпан М.Н., Лепунова О.Н., Лысцова Н.Л. Оценка параметров сердечно-сосудистой системы и уровня кортизола у студентов Тюменского государственного университета очной формы обучения</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2013/03/22572</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 04 Mar 2013 08:16:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Hydrargyrum</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[03.00.00 Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[14.00.00 Medicine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[кортизол]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[морфофункциональные индексы]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[сердечно-сосудистая система]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[систолический и минутный объем крови.]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Аннотация В статье рассматриваются показатели сердечно-сосудистой системы, морфофункциональные показатели, а также уровень кортизола у студентов Биологического факультета Тюменского государственного университета. &#160; Введение Снижение уровня здоровья студентов в последние десятилетия приобрело устойчивый характер. В то же время информационные и психологические нагрузки на организм в процессе обучения в вузе неуклонно возрастают. Это сопровождается увеличением числа студентов, имеющих [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Аннотация</strong></p>
<p><em>В статье рассматриваются показатели сердечно-сосудистой системы, морфофункциональные показатели, а также уровень кортизола у студентов Биологического факультета Тюменского государственного университета.</em></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Введение</strong></p>
<p>Снижение уровня здоровья студентов в последние десятилетия приобрело устойчивый характер. В то же время информационные и психологические нагрузки на организм в процессе обучения в вузе неуклонно возрастают. Это сопровождается увеличением числа студентов, имеющих отклонения в состоянии здоровья. Необходимость выполнения большого объема учебной работы в условиях дефицита времени на фоне имеющегося снижения функциональных резервов создает дополнительное напряжение адаптационных механизмов, что приводит к прогрессирующему ухудшению здоровья.</p>
<p>Изучение особенностей состояния сердечно-сосудистой системы является одним из важных факторов для оценки общего состояния организма. Сердечнососудистая система является одним из звеньев, лимитирующих функциональное состояние. Она одной из первых вовлекается в компенсаторно-приспособительную деятельность организма.</p>
<p>Не менее важной является оценка морфофункциональных показателей. Исследованиями ряда авторов показано, что среди студентов вузов растет процент лиц с морфофункциональными показателями, резко отличающимися от нормальных. Это в свою очередь ведет к общему ухудшению состояния здоровья молодежи</p>
<p>Напряженный образ жизни студентов приводит к частым стрессовым состояниям, которые в свою очередь негативно сказываются на общем состоянии организма, в частности на состоянии сердечно-сосудистой системы и морфофункциональных показателей. Новизна и актуальность данной работы заключается в рассмотрении параметров организма студентов в зависимости от глубины стрессового состояния, которое определялось по концентрации в плазме крови кортизола.</p>
<p><strong>Материалы и методы</strong></p>
<p>В  данном исследовании участвовали студенты Биологического факультета Тюменского государственного университета в возрасте от 17 до 22 лет.</p>
<p>В исследовании участвовали 89 (73 %)  девушек и 33 (27%)  юноши.</p>
<p>Производился забор венозной крови утром натощак. Далее кровь исследовалась на концентрацию кортизола в плазме на биохимическом анализаторе Immulite 2000.</p>
<p>Перед взятием крови у студентов измерялись следующие параметры: масса тела, длина тела, систолическое и диастолическое давление, пульс.</p>
<p>У студентов определялись такие показатели как индекс массы тела (ИМТ),  индекс функциональных изменений (ИФИ), должное артериальное диастолическое давление (ДАДС), должное артериальное систолическое давление (ДАДД), должная частота сердечных сокращений (ДЧСС), систолический объем крови (СОК), минутный объем крови (МОК), периферическое сопротивление сосудов (ПСС), вегетативный индекс Кердо (ВИК).</p>
<p><strong>Результаты и обсуждения</strong></p>
<p>Оценка морфофункциональных показателей остается, наряду с другими параметрами организма, наиболее актуальной. Это связано с тем, что оценка веса и роста – самые доступные и неинвазивные методы исследования. Не смотря на то, что основные изменения со стороны веса и роста происходят в период полового созревания, у студентов ВУЗов (период юношества) могут продолжаться ростовые процессы.</p>
<p>Не менее важной является оценка морфофункциональных показателей. Исследованиями ряда авторов показано, что среди студентов вузов растет процент лиц с морфофункциональными показателями, резко отличающимися от нормальных. Это в свою очередь ведет к общему ухудшению состояния здоровья молодежи.</p>
<p>Исследование антропометрических показателей выявило, что юноши имеют более высокие значения показателей веса и роста, чем девушки, что связано с физиологическими особенностями мужского и женского организмов. У юношей третьего и четвертого курсов выявлены большие значения индекса массы тела. Данный факт может быть связан с лучшим развитием мышечной массы у лиц мужского пола. У девушек младших курсов Средние значения индекса массы тела свидетельствуют о недостатке массы тела, в то время как у девушек старших курсов индекс массы тела соответствует норме. У юношей этот показатель тоже возрастает, но остается в пределах нормы.</p>
<p>Показатели сердечно-сосудистой системы являются наиболее важными параметрами оценки функционального состояния организма. Наиболее информативными в физиологии считаются такие показатели, как систолическое и диастолическое и давление, а также частота сердечных сокращений.</p>
<p>Уровень артериального давления в большинстве случаев соответствовал рассчитанным должным величинам. Исключение составили девушки первого и второго курсов, у которых фактическое систолическое артериальное давление было ниже рассчитанных величин. Наряду с этим у девушек этих групп систолическое артериальное давление было ниже, чем у юношей. Снижение систолического артериального давления относительно должных величин свидетельствует о состоянии гипотонии.</p>
<p>Для каждого возраста существуют должные величины артериального систолического и диастолического давления. Фактические показатели систолического и диастолического давления в норме должны быть равны или близки к должным показателям. Частота сердечных сокращений также имеет должные величины, которые зависят от возраста, массы и длины тела. Значительное отличие показателя ЧСС от должного может свидетельствовать о различных эмоциональных и физических напряжениях организма.</p>
<p>наибольшее различие между должными и фактическими величинами наблюдалось по частоте сердечных сокращений. ЧСС является наиболее вариативным показателем сердечно-сосудистой системы, поэтому можно найти различные объяснения подобной картине. Хотя измерения ЧСС проводились до взятия у студентов крови из вены, сам факт ожидания подобной процедуры мог привести к волнению и, как следствие, повышению ЧСС.</p>
<p>Уровень артериального давления в большинстве случаев соответствовал рассчитанным должным величинам. Исключение составили девушки первого и второго курсов, у которых фактическое систолическое артериальное давление было ниже рассчитанных величин. Наряду с этим у девушек этих групп систолическое артериальное давление было ниже чем у юношей. Снижение систолического артериального давления относительно должных величин свидетельствует о состоянии гипотонии.</p>
<p>Между юношами и девушками достоверное различие наблюдалось по показателям АДС у первого и второго курса и ЧСС у первого курса.</p>
<p>ЧСС у юношей первого курса оказалась достоверно выше, чем у юношей четвертого курса.</p>
<p>Для оценки состояния аппарата кровообращения как целого, наряду с другими показателями используют величины минутного объема крови, систолического объема крови и периферического сопротивления сосудов.</p>
<p>Показатели систолического объема у всех обследованных студентов не отличались и находились в пределах физиологических норм. В то время, как минутный объем крови у юношей находился на более высоком уровне, чем у девушек. Исходя из расчетной формулы для МОК, которая выглядит следующим образом: МОК=СО*ЧСС, можно сделать вывод, что один или оба показателя, входящие в формулу должны быть у юношей больше, чем у девушек. Несмотря на то, что достоверных различий по показателям ЧСС и СО у девушек и юношей выявлено не было, оба эти показателя все же были несколько выше у юношей, что при умножении дало достоверно более высокие показатели МОК у юношей, нежели у девушек.</p>
<p>Уровень функционирования центрального и периферического контура кровообращения оценивался по вегетативному индексу Кердо.</p>
<p>Отмечено, что у студентов всех курсов преобладают положительные индексы Кердо, что свидетельствует об усилении процессов катаболизма, характерного для напряженного функционирования и расходования резерва организма. Возможно, такая картина связана с тем, что учебный год недавно начался и организм студентов после летних каникул адаптируется к условиям обучения. Помимо этого, такой результат можно обосновать и волнением перед сдачей крови. Поскольку в формулу для расчета ВИК входит пульс, который у многих студентов оказался учащенным по вышеприведенным результатам, а в формуле он стоит в знаменателе, что зависимость этих двух параметров обратная.</p>
<p>Небольшой процент составляли студенты с отрицательными величинами ВИК, что тоже свидетельствует о нарушении равновесия, но более благоприятном, анаболическом варианте метаболизма и более экономном режиме функционирования.</p>
<p>Студентов с нулевым или близким к нулю показанием ВИК обнаружено не было.</p>
<p>Поскольку из литературных данных  известно, что кортизол является одним из важных гормонов стресса, интересным становится проследить изменения показателей системы кровообращения и индекса функциональных изменений у студентов с повышенным и нормальным уровнем кортизола в крови [62].  Для  этого все студенты были поделены на две группы: в первую группу, с повышенным кортизолом, включались студенты, чьи показатели по этому параметру были выше 660 нмоль/л, а во вторую группу – студенты, концентрация кортизола у которых была ниже 660 нмоль/л. В первую группу вошло 30 (25 %) человек, во вторую – 92 (75 %)  человека.</p>
<p>у студентов с повышенным уровнем кортизола такие параметры, как диастолическое артериальное давление, индекс функциональных изменений и периферическое сопротивление сосудов были достоверно выше, чем у студентов с нормальной концентрацией кортизола. Более высокие параметры АДД и ПСС можно объяснить тем, что кортизол потенцирует сосудосуживающее действие других гормонов, таким образом, увеличивается сопротивление стенок сосудов, а, следовательно, и увеличение АДД и ПСС.</p>
<p>Важную информацию о состоянии сердечно-сосудистой системы дает индекс функциональных изменений, который показывает степень адаптированности, оценивает функциональные резервы и прогнозирует здоровье. У обследованных нами студентов с повышенным уровнем кортизола индекс функциональных изменений соответствовал состоянию функционального напряжения. В то время как у группы с нормальной концентрацией кортизола индекс функциональных изменений свидетельствует об удовлетворительной адаптации, что в очередной раз подтверждает участие кортизола в стрессовых реакциях.</p>
<p>Показатели систолического и минутного объема крови у студентов с повышенным уровнем кортизола оказались ниже, чем у студентов с нормальным уровнем кортизола. Это можно объяснить, исходя из расчетных формул для этих величин. СО= 100+0,5*ПД – 0,6*АДД – 0,6*В, где СО – систолический объем крови, ПД – пульсовое давление, АДД – артериальное давление диастолическое и В – возраст. МОК=СО*ЧСС, где МОК – минутный объем крови, СО – систолический объем крови, ЧСС – частота сердечных сокращений. Так как диастолическое артериальное давление под действием кортизола на гормоны, оказывающие сосудосуживающий эффект, повысилось, то, исходя из формул систолического и минутного объема крови, можно судить об их закономерном понижении.</p>
<p><strong>Заключение</strong></p>
<p>Результаты исследования показали, что среди обследованных  девушек  всех курсов преобладает  недостаточная масса тела, в то время, как у юношей в целом доминирует нормальная масса тела2. Исследование антропометрических показателей у обследованных студентов выявило, что на всех курсах имеются достоверные различия в весе и росте между юношами и девушками. Девушки первого и второго курса имели меньшую массу тела по сравнению с девушками третьего и четвертого курсов.</p>
<p>Величина минутного объема крови у юношей достоверно больше, чем у девушек.  У юношей и девушек первого курса увеличение минутного объема крови происходило за счет нарастания частоты сердечных сокращений.</p>
<p>У студентов всех курсов преобладали положительные индексы Кердо, что свидетельствует об усилении процессов катаболизма, характерного для напряженного функционирования и расходования резерва организма. Небольшой процент составляли студенты с отрицательными величинами ВИК, что тоже свидетельствует о нарушении равновесия, но более благоприятном, анаболическом варианте метаболизма и более экономном режиме функционирования. Студентов с нулевым или близким к нулю показанием ВИК обнаружено не было.</p>
<p>У студентов с повышенным уровнем кортизола диастолическое артериальное давление, индекс функциональных изменений и периферическое сопротивление сосудов были достоверно выше, чем у студентов с нормальной концентрацией кортизола, а индекс функциональных изменений свидетельствовал о  состоянии  функционального напряжения.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Литература  </strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Самохвалов, В. Г. Динамика психологической и физиологической адаптации студентов к учебным нагрузкам/ В. Г Самохвалов, А. В. Самохвалов// Физиологические основы здоровья студентов. – 2001. – Т.10, №13. – С.84.</li>
<li>Меерсон, Ф. З. Физиология адаптивных процессов/ Ф. З. Меерсон. – М.: Наука, 1986. – 154 с.</li>
<li>Виленский, М.Я. Адаптация студентов младших курсов к условиям обучения в высшей школе/ М. Я. Виленский, А. Г. Горшков // Акмеология, № 3, 2006. — 86  ̶  89 с.</li>
<li>Физиологические основы здоровья человека/ Под ред. Б. И. Ткаченко. – Спб: Архангельск: Издательский центр Северного гос. Мед. Университета, 2001. – 728 с.</li>
<li>Ковязина, О. Л. Оценка функционального состояния сердечно-сосудистой системы при эмоциональном напряжении/ О. Л. Ковязина, А. Г. Наймушина, С. В. Панин/ Под ред. проф. В. С. Соловьева. – Тюмень: Издательство ТюмГУ, 2000. – 36 с.</li>
<li>Камышников, В.С. Клинико-лабораторная диагностика: Справочник: Т.1/ В.С. Камышников – Минск: Интерпрессервис, 2003. – 495 с.</li>
</ol>
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