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	<title>Электронный научно-практический журнал «Современные научные исследования и инновации» &#187; Левин Борис Михайлович</title>
	<atom:link href="http://web.snauka.ru/issues/author/boris-levin/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>https://web.snauka.ru</link>
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		<title>(Русский) Физический наблюдатель в проекте новой (дополнительной) Gh/ck-физики «снаружи» светового конуса</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2017/06/83691</link>
		<comments>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2017/06/83691#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Jun 2017 15:05:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Левин Борис Михайлович</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[01.00.00 Physics and mathematics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[световой конус]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Стандартная Модель]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Теория Всего]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[физический наблюдатель]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Sorry, this article is only available in Русский.]]></description>
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		<item>
		<title>(Русский) Тёмная материя и тёмная энергия – две формы существования атома дальнодействия в пространстве-времени «снаружи» светового конуса</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2017/07/84075</link>
		<comments>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2017/07/84075#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 20 Jul 2017 15:16:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Левин Борис Михайлович</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[01.00.00 Physics and mathematics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[АДД]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[бета+-ортопозитроний]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[бета+-распад]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[поле Хиггса]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[тёмная материя]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[тёмная энергия]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[топологический квантовый переход ограниченного 4-объёма пространства-времени]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ядро АДД]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Sorry, this article is only available in Русский.]]></description>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>(Русский) Как строить Теорию Всего. Феноменология</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2017/09/84338</link>
		<comments>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2017/09/84338#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 18 Sep 2017 19:36:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Левин Борис Михайлович</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[01.00.00 Physics and mathematics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[атом дальнодействия]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[гравитация]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[квантовая теория поля]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[обусловленная причинность]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ортопозитроний]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[позитронный бета-распад]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Теория Всего]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[топологический квантовый переход]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[физический наблюдатель]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ядро атома дальнодействия]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Sorry, this article is only available in Русский.]]></description>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>(Русский) Проект новой (дополнительной) Għ/ck-физики «снаружи» светового конуса и принципиально новые, неразрушающие технологии</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2017/12/85136</link>
		<comments>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2017/12/85136#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 20 Dec 2017 07:55:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Левин Борис Михайлович</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[01.00.00 Physics and mathematics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[сверхтонкое расщепление состояний позитрония]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[электрослабое взаимодействие]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://web.snauka.ru/issues/2017/12/85136</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Sorry, this article is only available in Русский.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sorry, this article is only available in <a href="https://web.snauka.ru/issues/author/boris-levin/feed">Русский</a>.</p>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>(Русский) Дополнение к обоснованию антропного принципа (физика и сознание) в Проекте новой (дополнительной) Għ/ck-физики ‘снаружи’ светового конуса</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2018/01/85682</link>
		<comments>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2018/01/85682#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 31 Jan 2018 14:05:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Левин Борис Михайлович</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[01.00.00 Physics and mathematics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[абсолютно твёрдое тело]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[антропный принцип]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[вакуумоподобные состояния вещества]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[зазеркалье]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ортопозитроний]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[позитронный бета-распад]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[топологический квантовый переход в пространстве-времени]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[физика и сознание]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Sorry, this article is only available in Русский.]]></description>
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		<item>
		<title>(Русский) Противостояние ‘Эйнштейн-Бор’ сформировало стагнацию современной Стандартной Модели. Путь преодоления</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2018/02/85952</link>
		<comments>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2018/02/85952#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 28 Feb 2018 19:44:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Левин Борис Михайлович</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[01.00.00 Physics and mathematics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[бета+-ортопозитроний]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[квантовая гравитация]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[квантовая теория]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[общая теория относительности]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[позитронный бета-распад]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Теория Всего]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[физический наблюдатель]]></category>

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		<item>
		<title>(Русский) Можно ли включить феноменологию «абсолютно твёрдое тело» в Проект «Теория Всего»?</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2018/04/86355</link>
		<comments>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2018/04/86355#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 27 Apr 2018 13:44:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Левин Борис Михайлович</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[01.00.00 Physics and mathematics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[абсолютно твёрдое тело]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Проект «Теория Всего»]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[теория относительности]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Sorry, this article is only available in Русский.]]></description>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>(Русский) Фундаментальная теория и феноменология Проекта «Теория Всего»</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2018/05/86635</link>
		<comments>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2018/05/86635#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 May 2018 13:23:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Левин Борис Михайлович</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[01.00.00 Physics and mathematics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AdS/CFT соответствие]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[бета+-ортопозитроний]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[голографический принцип]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[сознание как проявление «локальной» калибровочной инвариантности в «Теории Всего»]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[суперсимметрия]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[физический наблюдатель (сознание)]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Sorry, this article is only available in Русский.]]></description>
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		<item>
		<title>(Русский) Проект новой (дополнительной) Gh/ck-физики: Необходимость-Истоки-Преодоление стереотипов (феноменология)</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2018/06/87107</link>
		<comments>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2018/06/87107#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 29 Jun 2018 09:25:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Левин Борис Михайлович</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[01.00.00 Physics and mathematics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[абсолютно твёрдое тело]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[коллективный суперпартнёр]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ненарушенная суперсимметрия]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[орто-/пара-позитроний]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[позитронный бета-распад]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[спонтанно нарушенная суперсимметрия]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[топологический квантовый переход]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[эффект Мёссбауэра]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[‘условия резонанса’ в системе ‘22Na-газообразный неон (~ 9% 22Ne)’]]></category>

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		<item>
		<title>(Русский) Проект новой (дополнительной) Gh/ck-физики «снаружи» светового конуса: отсутствие кулоновского барьера во взаимодействии вакуумоподобного состояния вещества (тёмная материя) с веществом (обычная материя)</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2018/09/87546</link>
		<comments>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2018/09/87546#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 02 Sep 2018 12:58:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Левин Борис Михайлович</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[01.00.00 Physics and mathematics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[вакуумоподобное состояние вещества]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[зазеркалье]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[обусловленная причинность]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ортопозитроний]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[позитронный бета-распад]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[топологический квантовый переход]]></category>

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		<title>(Русский) β+ -Ортопозитроний в «условиях резонанса» трансформирует двухкомпонентное нейтрино в истинно нейтральное нейтрино. Феноменология</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2018/10/87735</link>
		<comments>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2018/10/87735#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 29 Oct 2018 14:51:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Левин Борис Михайлович</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[01.00.00 Physics and mathematics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[β+ -распад]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[атом дальнодействия]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[дираковское нейтрино]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[закон сохранения электронного лептонного числа]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[майорановское ней- трино]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ортопозитроний]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[топологический квантовый переход]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[условия резонанса]]></category>

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		<item>
		<title>β+ -Orthopositronium in the “resonance conditions” transforms a two-component Neutrino into true neutral Neutrino. Phenomenology</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2018/11/87847</link>
		<comments>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2018/11/87847#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 29 Nov 2018 20:56:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Левин Борис Михайлович</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[01.00.00 Physics and mathematics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dirac neutrino]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Long Range Atom]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Majorana neutrino]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[the law of the electron lepton number conservation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[the “reso-nance conditions”]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[topological quantum transitions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[β+ -decay]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[β+ -Orhopositronium]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://web.snauka.ru/issues/2018/11/87847</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[ Download PDF  The discovery of the neutrinos mass (Nobel Prize-2015) means the need to expand the Standard Model/SM, because in SM neutrino is a massless particle with spin Ѕ. This requires a careful analysis of the known concepts of neutrinos in their connection with the experiment. The SM adopted the concept of a two-component neutrino with antiparticle (solutions of [...]]]></description>
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<p> <span>The discovery of the neutrinos mass (Nobel Prize-2015) means the need to expand the Standard Model/</span><em><span>SM</span></em><span>, because in </span><em><span>SM</span></em><span> neutrino is a massless particle with spin Ѕ. This requires a careful analysis of the known concepts of neutrinos in their connection with the experiment. The </span><em><span>SM</span></em><span> adopted the concept of a two-component neutrino with antiparticle (solutions of the relativistic, quantum equation of P. Dirac). In connection with the establishment of the neutrino mass, the concept of E. Majorana (1937), in which the neutrino, as a fermion, is a true neutral particle, is attracting more attention. This would mean expanding the </span><em><span>SM</span></em><span>. </span><br />
<span>Therefore for experimenters of the non-accelerators physics, the search a neutrinoless double </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/0.gif" alt="" width="16" height="21" /><span>-decays of the nuclei became of particular interest. This means that in the final state of such decays</span></p>
<div align="center"><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/0(1).gif" alt="" width="214" height="24" /></div>
<p><span>charged leptons </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/0(2).gif" alt="" width="18" height="21" /><span> also carry away the energy of degenerate, true neutral neutrinos:</span></p>
<div align="center"><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/0(3).gif" alt="" width="49" height="24" /><span>.</span></div>
<p><span>More than three dozen even-even isotopes are known, for which double </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/0(4).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-decay is possible (with emission of two electrons and two antineutrinos), and as many even-even isotopes for which double </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/0(5).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-decay is possible (with emission of two positrons and two neutrinos). The existence in nature of more than dozen Dirac double </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/0(6).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-decays – from </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/0(7).gif" alt="" width="77" height="24" /><span> to </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/0(8).gif" alt="" width="92" height="24" /><span> – has already been confirmed by experiment.</span><br />
<span>There are no generally accepted results for Majorana neutrino double </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/0(9).gif" alt="" width="16" height="21" /><span>-decays.</span><br />
<span>Since neutrino energy must be transferred to charged leptons in neutrinoless double </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/0(10).gif" alt="" width="16" height="21" /><span>-decays, the isotopes with the highest double </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/0(11).gif" alt="" width="16" height="21" /><span>-decay energy are selected from this array. In these searches, the main problem is the background, so the double </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/0(12).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-decays are excluded from the search base.</span><br />
<span>At present a number of facilities for observing neutrinoless double </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/0(13).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-decays are in operation, being construction and designed.</span><br />
<span>For a decade at depth of 1,5 km, an “ultra-clean” laboratory was built and put into operation (South Dakota, USA – Majorana Demonstrator/MJD Project [1]. The construction is completed, and the latest MJD results so far demonstrate only success in studying the “background” [2].</span></p>
<p><span>In this regard, let us again turn to the hypothesis of “vertical” neutrino oscillations (without changing the flavor) [3-5], in contrast to the “horizontal” neutrino oscillation established by the Nobeliates-2015 with changes in neutrino flavors </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/0(14).gif" alt="" width="84" height="25" /><span>. This hypothesis was formulated [4] after observing the paradoxical realization of the Mцssbauer effect in “resonance conditions”</span></p>
<div align="center"><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/0(15).gif" alt="" width="318" height="32" /><span> – gaseous neon (8.86% </span><sup><span>22</span></sup><em><span>Ne</span></em><span>).</span></div>
<p><span>The interpretation of “vertical” oscillations based on the idea of the metamorphoses of the Dirac neutrino into Majorana neutrino arose after reading of the letter in Progress in Physics [6]. This is possible when a complete degenerate </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/0(16).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-ortho-parasuperpositronium [7], as a true neutral supersymmetric quantum system, substantively formalizes the status of a physical observer in the presence of Long-Range Atom/</span><em><span>LRA </span></em><span>(number of nodes/cells </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/0(17).gif" alt="" width="101" height="21" /><span>) with </span><em><span>LRA Core</span></em><span> (</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/0(18).gif" alt="" width="80" height="21" /><span>), when open for neutrinos a limited macroscopic, two-digit/</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/0(19).gif" alt="" width="14" height="16" /><span> 4-volume of space-time “outside” the Light Cone.</span><br />
<span>The irony of the history of the </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/0(20).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-orthopositronium anomalies is that the Michigan group of experimenters published fifteen years ago an article [8] in which they disavowed the results of their previous precision measurements (1982-1990) that came into conflict with theory (QED), and thus “closed” the problem for the scientific community.</span><br />
<span>An alternative to this ambiguous solution is presented in the preprint [9].</span></p>
<p><span>The proximity of the values of the nuclear </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/0(21).gif" alt="" width="18" height="24" /><span>-quant energy</span></p>
<div align="center"><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/0(22).gif" alt="" width="104" height="28" /><span>МэВ (Nuclear Data Sheets, 2005, v.106, №1, p.12),</span></div>
<p><span>for registering the moment of </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/0(23).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-decay (the emission of a positron </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/0(24).gif" alt="" width="18" height="26" /><span> and neutrino </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/0(25).gif" alt="" width="17" height="24" /><span>) in the lifetime method of studying of the </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/0(26).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-decay positrons annihilation, and of the mass difference between the neutron and proton</span></p>
<div align="center"><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/0(27).gif" alt="" width="313" height="26" /><span> MeV (W.-M.Yao et al., J. Phys. G 2006, v.33, p.1),</span></div>
<p><span>in </span><em><span>SM</span></em><span> it seems random. This fact, with the inclusion of the </span><em><span>LRA</span></em><span> in the final state of topological quantum transitions, allows us to raise the question on the physical nature of the “resonance conditions”.</span><br />
<span>Comparison </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/0(28).gif" alt="" width="26" height="28" /><span> with </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/0(29).gif" alt="" width="48" height="26" /><span> in the “resonance conditions” is assumes a twofold resonance.</span><br />
<span>Nevertheless, between energy </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/1.gif" alt="" width="26" height="28" /><span> and </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/1(1).gif" alt="" width="48" height="26" /><span> there is a significant difference </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/1(2).gif" alt="" width="157" height="29" /><span>keV.</span></p>
<p><span>The question arises about the width of the prospective twofold resonance. The presence of protons (quasiparticles) in each of the nodes of the spatial lattice of the </span><em><span>LRD Core</span></em><span>and the binding </span><sup><span>22</span></sup><em><span>Ne</span></em><span> nuclei of atoms from the gas medium [5</span><sup><span>2018</span></sup><span>] is the response of a unified field on the topological quantum transition, like a bias current in electrodynamics [9]. The difference is fundamentally, and consists in space-like structure of this response.</span><br />
<span>When bonding due to the exchange of proton-proton interaction at the </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/1(3).gif" alt="" width="14" height="17" /><span> nodes of the space-like lattice of the </span><em><span>LRA Core</span></em><span> </span><sup><span>22</span></sup><em><span>Ne</span></em><span> nuclei of neon atoms from a gas at laboratory temperature, the energy</span></p>
<p><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/1(4).gif" alt="" width="78" height="41" /><span> keV (the gas temperature </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/1(5).gif" alt="" width="69" height="21" /><span>) (1)</span></p>
<p><span>is frozen for a lifetime of </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/1(6).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-</span><em><span>o-Ps</span></em><span>.</span><br />
<span>There is prospect of associating the difference </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/1(7).gif" alt="" width="88" height="29" /><span> with the resonance of the response energy, since the neutrino in the final state of the transition</span></p>
<div align="center"><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/1(8).gif" alt="" width="201" height="28" /></div>
<p><span>as well as </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/1(9).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-</span><em><span>o-Ps</span></em><span> (through a solitary virtual photon) during its time of life also participates in oscillations “inside-outside” of the Light Cone </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/1(10).gif" alt="" width="60" height="25" /><span> [10, 11].</span><br />
<span>In these oscillation the neutrino retains its flavor (positron neutrino), but acquires an effective (topological) mass, as is characteristic of the transformations of the “left-right particles” in topological quantum transitions [12]. Then the excess mass difference can be represented as</span></p>
<p><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/1(11).gif" alt="" width="265" height="41" /><span> keV (2).</span></p>
<p><span>From (1) and (2) we find </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/2.gif" alt="" width="82" height="29" /><span> keV.</span><br />
<span>Interestingly, that the effective mass </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/2(1).gif" alt="" width="29" height="29" /><span> is close to the mass of a heavy 17 keV neutrino (a brief overview problem in [13]). An experimental study of this issue, initially very encouraging (1985-1991), was interrupted after a series of works with alternative methods and negative results (1991-1993). The dramatic history of the experimental study of the 17 keV neutrino is similar to the history of the problem of orthopositronium [8, 13].</span><br />
<span>The closeness of the values </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/2(2).gif" alt="" width="26" height="28" /><span> and </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/2(3).gif" alt="" width="48" height="26" /><span> led to a new proposal of the experiment, which is called upon to confirm (or refute) the alleged physical nature of the “resonance conditions” as a </span><em><span>twofold delayed resonance</span></em><span>. The point is that in the energy response (2) there is a term depending on the gas temperature. Consequently, the uncertainty of the temperature of the measuring chamber of the order</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/2(4).gif" alt="" width="60" height="20" /><span>, quite probable under laboratory conditions, can testify to a different degree nearness of temperature of the measuring chamber in the works [14-18] around of a source of positrons in the radius</span></p>
<div align="center"><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/2(5).gif" alt="" width="118" height="49" /><span> cm</span></div>
<p><span>to the temperature peak </span><em><span>of the twofold resonance</span></em><span>. </span><br />
<span>It can cause of the uncertainty in the visualization of the shoulder (its “blurring” [19]) and the extremely wide scatter of its quantitative characteristics </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/2(6).gif" alt="" width="42" height="24" /><span> ns∙atm. Thus, the expected width of the twofold resonance is </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/2(7).gif" alt="" width="64" height="24" /><span> eV.</span><br />
<span>The statement of a decisive experiment is obvious: it is necessary to compare the lifetime spectra of positron annihilation from </span><sup><span>22</span></sup><em><span>Na</span></em><span> in high-purity neon gas in an enough wide intervals of temperature with accuracy ~ 3°.</span><br />
<span>The observation by the method </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/2(8).gif" alt="" width="48" height="24" /><span> delayed coincidence high intensity of the lifetime spectra of orthopositronium component (</span><strong><em><span>I</span></em></strong><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>) and (after its subtraction) more and more precise visualization of a shoulder at removal from “peak” temperature on tails of a temperature range is expected, i.e. normalization by this criterion of the neon position in the set of the inert gases (see Ref. [14]). As the peak of a temperature resonance is approached, decrease </span><strong><em><span>I</span></em></strong><sub><span>2 </span></sub><span>is supposed (up to 2 times; see [3]) and, accordingly, blurring of a shoulder, as takes place according the works [14-18], in which the temperature of the measuring chamber was not fixed. This effect is most pronounced on a positive branch of a temperature resonance, as with decrease the temperature the role of the van der Waals molecules </span><em><span>Ne </span></em><strong><em><span>∙∙∙ </span></em></strong><em><span>Ne</span></em><span> grows, and the mechanism of the shoulder formation varies, because non-elastic scattering of the </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/2(9).gif" alt="" width="18" height="26" /><span> increased.</span><br />
<span>The expected result would mean the existence of an additional mode of </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/3.gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-orthopositronium annihilation formed by </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/3(1).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-decay positrons</span></p>
<div align="center"><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/3(2).gif" alt="" width="156" height="24" /><span>,</span></div>
<p><span>where </span><em><span>LRA</span></em><span> (</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/3(3).gif" alt="" width="24" height="21" /><span>) could claim the role of the ninth massless pseudoGoldstone boson with all the consequences of this restoration of chirality in a limited 4-volume space-time of final state </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/3(4).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-decay of type</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/3(5).gif" alt="" width="58" height="21" /><span>:</span><br />
<span>“</span><em><span>Physically</span></em><span>, </span><em><span>non-conservation of chirality in quantum chromodynamics is manifest in the absence in nature of a ninth light pseudoscalar boson</span></em><span>, </span><em><span>analogous to the octet</span></em><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/3(6).gif" alt="" width="144" height="24" /><span>. &lt;…&gt; </span><em><span>If the symmetry group were the group </span></em><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/3(7).gif" alt="" width="218" height="22" /><em><span> </span></em><em><span>then there have to be a ninth pseudo-Goldstone boson</span></em><span>. </span><em><span>Its absence is direct experimental proof of the non-conservation of chirality </span></em><span>(</span><em><span>non-invariance under</span></em><span> </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/3(8).gif" alt="" width="53" height="25" /><em><span> </span></em><span>) </span><em><span>in quantum chromodynamics</span></em><span>” [20].</span><br />
<span>The Project of a New (Additional) </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/3(9).gif" alt="" width="44" height="18" /><span>-Physics “Outside” the Light Cone by including in theory the </span><em><span>LRA</span></em><span> with the </span><em><span>LRA Core</span></em><span> as massless and space-like quasiparticles, means the extension of </span><em><span>SM</span></em><span>.</span></p>
<p><span>As R. Feynman remarked long ago (“… </span><em><span>following the proposal of Gell-Mann</span></em><span>”) “… </span><em><span>Yang-Mills theory is clearly not engaged in a massless field that would have to leave the nucleus and be noticeable</span></em><span>. </span><em><span>Therefore</span></em><span>, </span><em><span>theorists have not carefully studied the massless case</span></em><span>” [21].</span><br />
<span>Of course, such an expansion of </span><em><span>QCD</span></em><span> does not violate the “color” confinement; however, it retains the functional status of a strong (nuclear) interaction, when its carrier is a quasiparticles-proton (</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/3(10).gif" alt="" width="16" height="20" /><span>) at the nodes of the </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/87847_files/3(11).gif" alt="" width="24" height="21" /><span>.</span></p>
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		<title>(Русский) «Коперник-Планк/Эйнштейн-Дирак». Чтó на временнóм горизонте глобальной цивилизации?</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2019/01/88616</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 05 Jan 2019 04:57:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Левин Борис Михайлович</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[01.00.00 Physics and mathematics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Għ/ck-физика]]></category>
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		<title>(Русский) Программа решающего эксперимента к Проекту новой (дополнительной) Għ/ck-физики «снаружи» светового конуса</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2019/03/88922</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 26 Mar 2019 04:31:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Левин Борис Михайлович</dc:creator>
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		<category><![CDATA[новая (дополнительная) Għ/ck-физика]]></category>
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		<title>The Program of the Decisive Experiment to  the Project of New (Additional) Għ/ck-Physics “Outside” the Light Cone</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2019/04/88990</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 05 Apr 2019 05:04:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Левин Борис Михайлович</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[ Download PDF B.M. Levin N.N. Semenov Inst. Chem. Phys. RAS, Moscow (1964-1987), The creative cooperation with B.P. Konstantinov Leningrad Inst. Nucl. Phys. RAS, Gatchina (1984-1987), A.F. Ioffe Phys. Tech. Inst. RAS, St. Petersburg (2005-2007) E-mail: bormikhlev@yandex.ru By the cycle of publications [1] identifies experimental grounds [2-8] and the phenomenology of the expansion of the Standard Model [...]]]></description>
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<div align="center"><span>B.M. Levin</span><br />
<span>N.N. Semenov Inst. Chem. Phys. RAS, Moscow (1964-1987),</span><br />
<span>The creative cooperation with B.P. Konstantinov Leningrad Inst. Nucl. Phys. RAS, Gatchina (1984-1987),</span><br />
<span>A.F. Ioffe Phys. Tech. Inst. RAS, St. Petersburg (2005-2007)</span><br />
<span>E-mail: </span><a href="mailto:bormikhlev@yandex.ru"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">bormikhlev@yandex.ru</span></span></a></div>
<p><span>By the cycle of publications [1] identifies experimental grounds [2-8] and the phenomenology of the expansion of the Standard Model of Physics/</span><em><span>SM</span></em><span>, which has been in stagnation since the mid-1970s, &#8211; The </span><em><span>Project</span></em><span> of a New (Additional) </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/0.gif" alt="" width="44" height="18" /><span>-Physics “Outside” the Light Cone.</span><br />
<span>A conceptual breakthrough to substantiate of the </span><em><span>supersymmetry</span></em><span>, </span><em><span>confinement</span></em><span>, </span><em><span>dark matter</span></em><span>/</span><em><span>dark energy</span></em><span> became possible in the </span><em><span>Project</span></em><span> due to a favorable set of circumstances. The history of this – “… </span><em><span>case – the God of all inventions</span></em><span>” – is presented in [12</span><sup><span>2017</span></sup><span>].</span><br />
<span>For the world community of theoretical physicists, were determining the status of the </span><em><span>SM</span></em><span>, the experimental epic [2-7] and the critical experiment [8], leading to new knowledge, went unnoticed.</span><br />
<span>The program of a decisive experiment can change that state.</span><br />
<span>The main thing in the phenomenology under consideration [1] is the paradoxical realization of the </span><span>Mцssbauer effect</span><span> in the final state </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/0(1).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-decay </span><sup><span>22</span></sup><em><span>Na</span></em><span> (“</span><em><span>resonance conditions</span></em><span>”). This occurs in process formation and annihilation of the positronium (</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/0(2).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-</span><em><span>Ps</span></em><span>) in gaseous neon of the natural isotopic composition (~ 9% </span><sup><span>22</span></sup><em><span>Ne</span></em><span>). The presence in the dynamics of orthopositronium (</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/0(3).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-</span><em><span>o-Ps</span></em><span>) of a solitary virtual photon opens (with reliance on precedent in theory [9]) a fundamentally new ‘</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/0(4).gif" alt="" width="44" height="18" /><span>-Physics’ due to complete degeneration of ortho-para</span><em><span>super</span></em><span>positronium and possibility of </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/0(5).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-</span><em><span>o-Ps </span></em><span>oscillations in “</span><em><span>Trough the Looking Glass</span></em><span>” (</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/0(6).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-decay </span><sup><span>22</span></sup><em><span>Na</span></em><span> as a </span><em><span>topological quantum transition</span></em><span>/</span><em><span>TQT</span></em><span>)</span></p>
<div align="center"><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/0(7).gif" alt="" width="188" height="77" /><span>.</span></div>
<p><span>In this case, the canonical three-photon mode of </span><em><span>QED-o-Ps</span></em><span> annihilation (</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/0(8).gif" alt="" width="21" height="21" /><span>; antidiscrete trivial topology) is realized in “resonance conditions” as the </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/0(9).gif" alt="" width="42" height="24" /><span>-mode “inside” (discrete implementation of the trivial topology in </span><em><span>TQT</span></em><span>; </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/0(10).gif" alt="" width="20" height="24" /><span> is the </span><em><span>notoph</span></em><span> [10] and </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/0(11).gif" alt="" width="26" height="21" /><span>-mode “outside” of the Light Cone associated with it, where </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/0(12).gif" alt="" width="72" height="24" /><span> from point of view of the </span><em><span>physical observer</span></em><span>/</span><em><span>PhO </span></em><span>appears as parapositronium/</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/0(13).gif" alt="" width="78" height="24" /><span>).</span></p>
<p><span>Process</span></p>
<div align="center"><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/0(14).gif" alt="" width="348" height="30" /></div>
<p><span>excludes, from the standpoint of the standard electroweak interaction, any noticeable effect of changes in the isotopic composition of neon on the output of the long-lived orthopositronium (</span><em><span>o-Ps</span></em><span>) component </span><em><span>I</span></em><sub><span>2</span></sub><span> of the lifetime spectra (isotopic effect 10</span><sup><span>–7</span></sup><span>-10</span><sup><span>–6</span></sup><span>).</span><br />
<span>The experiment showed that </span><em><span>I</span></em><sub><span>2</span></sub><span> doubled (</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/0(15).gif" alt="" width="65" height="18" /><span>) at a decrease in the fraction of the </span><sup><span>22</span></sup><em><span>Ne</span></em><span> isotope in gaseous neon from 8,86% (“resonance conditions”) to 4,91% [8].</span><br />
<span>The only way to justify this result is to postulate the formation in natural neon in final state of </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/0(16).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-decay </span><sup><span>22</span></sup><em><span>Na</span></em><span> of a macroscopic, space-like, two-valued (</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/0(17).gif" alt="" width="14" height="16" /><span>) vacuum state, which implements the “resonance conditions” due to the solid-state nature of the </span><em><span>Hamiltonian graph</span></em><span> on the </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/0(18).gif" alt="" width="78" height="21" /><span> nodes of </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/0(19).gif" alt="" width="24" height="21" /><span> (atom of long-range action/</span><em><span>ALRA</span></em><span> with a structured core of </span><em><span>ALRA</span></em><span> </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/0(20).gif" alt="" width="80" height="21" /><span> nodes) and the collectivization of the nuclear excitation </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/0(21).gif" alt="" width="66" height="24" /><span> </span><span>by</span><span> </span><span>the condensate </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/0(22).gif" alt="" width="62" height="24" /><span> from the</span><span> </span><span>neon gas phase (~ 9% </span><sup><span>22</span></sup><em><span>Ne</span></em><span>) on the core</span><em><span> ALRA</span></em><span> [11]</span></p>
<div align="center"><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/0(23).gif" alt="" width="228" height="56" /><span>.</span></div>
<p><span>Because of literary research, it was possible to reconcile all traditional experimental and logical installations under the assumption that </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/0(24).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-</span><em><span>o-Ps </span></em><span>plays the role of the </span><em><span>PhO</span></em><span>(modeling of the </span><em><span>PhO </span></em><span>reflection) [1]. The apostasy of the Michigan experimental group (Ann Arbor, USA)/2003 and its overcoming were considered in [12].</span></p>
<p><span>Will be accepted the Project of the New (Additional) </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/1.gif" alt="" width="44" height="18" /><span>-Physics “Outside” the Light Cone, as an extension of the </span><em><span>SM</span></em><span>? Since the results of the fundamental experiments [2-7] and [8] were not given proper attention, the question is turned out to the Program of the Decisive Experiment.</span></p>
<div align="center"><strong><span style="color: #2f2f2f;">Schemes of statements of decisive experiment</span></strong><span style="color: #2f2f2f;">.</span></div>
<p><span>Comparative observation of the lifetime spectra of positron annihilation from </span><sup><span>22</span></sup><em><span>N</span></em><span>a </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/1(1).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-decay by the method of delayed </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/1(2).gif" alt="" width="46" height="24" /><span>-coincidences in gaseous neon of the natural isotopic composition high purity near normal temperature (~ 300 K) and of the gas temperature control in the range</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/1(3).gif" alt="" width="37" height="21" /><span>.</span><span>It is supposed to observe the temperature resonance: a high intensity of the orthopositronium component of the lifetime spectra (</span><em><span>I</span></em><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>) on the “tails” of the temperature range. With increasing distance from the pick of the temperature resonance, an increase in </span><em><span>I</span></em><sub><span>2</span></sub><span> is assumed (up to 2 times) and, accordingly (after subtracting the contribution of the orthopositronium component), more clear visualization of the “shoulder” (annihilation of quasi-free positrons), i.e. normalization according to this criterion of the position of neon in a series of noble gases in the experiments of 1965-1975 (USA, Russia, England, Canada), in which the temperature of laboratories and samples was not recorded.</span><span>2. Comparative observation of the lifetime spectra of positron annihilation from </span><sup><span>22</span></sup><em><span>N</span></em><span>a </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/1(4).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-decay by the method of delayed </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/1(5).gif" alt="" width="46" height="24" /><span>-coincidences in gaseous neon of the natural isotopic composition high purity at a temperature close to the “peak” (see item 1) in electric field of intensity ~ 4 kV/cm, oriented parallel and perpendicular to the gravity. It is necessary to keep the geometrical parameters of measuring chamber and the neon pressure close to the measurement conditions in the critical experiment [8]. The schema of this implementation of the decisive experiment is shown in Fig.1. </span></p>
<p><span>According to </span><em><span>QED</span></em><span> positronium, is the bound state of an electron and a positron, is a purely lepton state, free from any noticeable hadron effects and weak interaction effects, and its annihilation is calculated with high accuracy in </span><em><span>QED</span></em><span>. However, the </span><em><span>QED</span></em><span> standard may not be sufficient to describe the lifetime of the</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/1(6).gif" alt="" width="72" height="24" /><span>, since positrons forming positronium in substance are obtained from </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/1(7).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-decay of </span><sup><span>22</span></sup><em><span>Na</span></em><span>, </span><sup><span>68</span></sup><em><span>Ga</span></em><span>, </span><sup><span>64</span></sup><em><span>Cu</span></em><span>.</span><br />
<span>Work [8] confirmed the connection of the annihilation of </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/1(8).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-</span><em><span>o-Ps</span></em><span> with hadronic processes. </span></p>
<p><span>In this connection, the data on the lifetime spectra of positron annihilation in liquid and solid deuterium (</span><em><span>D</span></em><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>) [13] and their comparison with similar data for protium (</span><em><span>H</span></em><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>) [14] are interesting. In work [13] measured the short-lived components of the lifetime spectra – </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/1(9).gif" alt="" width="104" height="22" /><span> ns</span><span> </span><span>(liquid </span><em><span>D</span></em><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>, 20,4 К) and </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/1(10).gif" alt="" width="105" height="22" /><span> ns (solid </span><em><span>D</span></em><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>, 13 К), but there is no data on the long-lived component (</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/1(11).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-</span><em><span>o-Ps</span></em><span>); in </span><em><span>H</span></em><sub><span>2</span></sub><span> </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/1(12).gif" alt="" width="105" height="22" /><span> ns (20,4 К), </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/2.gif" alt="" width="105" height="22" /><span> ns (13 К) and, unlike </span><em><span>D</span></em><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>, data on </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/2(1).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-</span><em><span>o-Ps</span></em><span> are given (</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/2(2).gif" alt="" width="100" height="22" /><span> ns at 20,4 К and </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/2(3).gif" alt="" width="96" height="22" /><span> ns at 13 К).</span></p>
<div align="center"><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/227.gif" alt="" width="238" height="331" /></div>
<p><span style="color: #2f2f2f;">Fig.1.</span><span style="color: #2f2f2f;"> </span><span style="color: #2f2f2f;">Scheme of the decisive experiment</span><strong><span style="color: #2f2f2f;">:</span></strong><span style="color: #2f2f2f;"> is there a connection between the gravity and electricity? </span><br />
<strong><em><span style="color: #2f2f2f;">I</span></em></strong><strong><sub><span style="color: #2f2f2f;">2</span></sub></strong><strong><span style="color: #2f2f2f;"> </span></strong><span style="color: #2f2f2f;">is the intensity of the orthopositronium component of the positron (</span><sup><span style="color: #2f2f2f;">22</span></sup><em><span style="color: #2f2f2f;">Na</span></em><span style="color: #2f2f2f;">) annihilation lifetime spectra for neon of natural isotopic composition (~ 9%</span><sup><span style="color: #2f2f2f;">22</span></sup><em><span style="color: #2f2f2f;">Na</span></em><span style="color: #2f2f2f;"> – “resonance conditions”) in a direct electric field of ~ 4 kV/cm, perpendicular to gravity. </span><br />
<strong><span style="color: #2f2f2f;">2</span></strong><strong><em><span style="color: #2f2f2f;">I</span></em></strong><strong><em><sub><span style="color: #2f2f2f;">2 </span></sub></em></strong><span style="color: #2f2f2f;">is the same in a direct electric field of ~ 4 kV/cm, parallel to gravity.</span><br />
<span>It is clear that in condensed deuterium </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/228.gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-</span><em><span>o-Ps</span></em><span> is formed in the same way as in condensed protium. The question remains: is the long-lived component </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/228(1).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-</span><em><span>o-Ps</span></em><span> missing in the lifetime spectra of annihilation in condensed deuterium? The only work [13] does not give a definite answer to this question.</span><br />
<span>Nevertheless, it can be taken as a working hypothesis that the marked difference in the lifetime spectra of </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/228(2).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-positron annihilation in the </span><em><span>H</span></em><sub><span>2</span></sub><span> and </span><em><span>D</span></em><sub><span>2</span></sub><span> condensed states is an experimental fact, since there was no precedent in the vast array of experimental information for the incomplete description of the lifetime spectra. Then, the absence of a long-lived component (</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/228(3).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-</span><em><span>o-Ps</span></em><span>) in liquid and solid deuterium can be explained by quenching orthopositronium by uncompensated for electric charge and spin by radiolysis products in the blast-hole from a composite ion </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/228(4).gif" alt="" width="64" height="24" /><span> with an initial energy of 23.85 MeV because of cold nuclear fusion on the </span><em><span>ALRA</span></em><span> </span><em><span>core</span></em><span>. </span></p>
<p><span>Hence the proposed scheme of the decisive experiment –</span></p>
<p><span>3. Comparative measurements of electrical breakdown thresholds in deuterium (</span><em><span>D</span></em><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>) and protium (</span><em><span>H</span></em><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>) of high density depending on the orientation of the constant electric field in the vicinity (~ 1 cm) of the positron source with respect to gravity (</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/228(5).gif" alt="" width="38" height="22" /><span>).</span><span>Finally, a particularly important realization of a decisive experiment by the scientific community of the erroneousness of the apostasy of the Michigan group (2003), since under the leadership of Professor A.Rich (1939-1990) are created the only installations in the world for a precise absolute measurements of the lifetime </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/228(6).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-</span><em><span>o-Ps </span></em><span>and </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/228(7).gif" alt="" width="78" height="24" /><span> </span><em><span>–</span></em></p>
<p><span>To make control measurements on the modified installation of the Michigan group (2003) by directing the auxiliary electric field not parallel (</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/88990_files/228(8).gif" alt="" width="9" height="21" /><span>), but perpendicular (</span><strong><span>—</span></strong><span>) to gravity.</span></p>
<p><strong><span>For direct confirmation of the connection of electroweak and strong interactions with gravity (phenomenology of the Theory of Everything), one should compare the lifetime spectra of annihilation of positrons</span></strong><span> </span><strong><span>(</span></strong><strong><sup><span>22</span></sup></strong><strong><em><span>Na</span></em></strong><strong><span>) in gaseous neon of natural composition obtained in the laboratory on the surface of the Earth and on the orbit of an artificial Earth satellite (in zero gravity) at the fixed normal temperature</span></strong><span>.</span></p>
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		<title>Supersymmetry, β+-Orthopositronium and  Electroweak Interaction in the Theory of Everything. Phenomenology</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2019/05/89372</link>
		<comments>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2019/05/89372#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 May 2019 04:19:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Левин Борис Михайлович</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[01.00.00 Physics and mathematics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[atom of long-range action/ALRA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dark matter/dark energy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[electroweak interaction]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[supersymmetry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[β+ -decay]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[β+-orthopositronium]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://web.snauka.ru/issues/2019/05/89372</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[ Download PDF &#160; Positronium (Ps) by its physical nature is a composite truly neutral vacuum system of an electron (e) and a positron (e+), since fluctuation of the physical vacuum allow the birth of “out of nothing” of virtual pair (e- e+) during the time s. The time of the virtual pair of another stable ingredient of matter [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: right;"><a href="https://web.snauka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/EwI-in-ToE.pdf" target="_blank"><img src="https://portalnp.snauka.ru/wp-content/plugins/mimetypes-link-icons/images/pdf-icon-48x48.png" alt="" /> Download PDF</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span>Positronium (</span><em><span>Ps</span></em><span>) by its physical nature is a </span><em><span>composite truly neutral vacuum system</span></em><span> of an electron (</span><em><span>e</span></em><span>) and a positron (</span><em><span>e</span></em><sup><span>+</span></sup><span>), since fluctuation of the physical vacuum allow the birth of “out of nothing” of virtual pair (</span><em><span>e</span></em><span>-</span><em><span> e</span></em><sup><span>+</span></sup><span>) during the time</span></p>
<div align="center"><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/0(5).gif" alt="" width="142" height="45" /><span>s.</span></div>
<p><span>The time of the virtual pair of another stable ingredient of matter – proton (</span><em><span>p</span></em><span>) is</span></p>
<div align="center"><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/0(6).gif" alt="" width="165" height="48" /><span>s.</span></div>
<p><span>The question is arises: what excludes the birth of a virtual pair (</span><em><span>e</span></em><span>-</span><em><span> e</span></em><sup><span>+</span></sup><span>) in a bound state – </span><em><span>Ps</span></em><span>?</span><br />
<span>Since all vacuum quantum numbers are identically zero, in the quantum electrodynamics/</span><em><span>QED</span></em><span> virtual positronium is excluded by hyperfine splitting of the </span><em><span>Ps</span></em><span> levels, which is characterized by an increase in the ground state energy (</span><em><span>n</span></em><span> = 1) of the triplet positronium (spin 1) on </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/0(7).gif" alt="" width="110" height="41" /><span> and a decrease in singlet positronium energy (spin 0) on </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/0(8).gif" alt="" width="121" height="41" /><span>.</span></p>
<p><span>As can be seen, the hyperfine splitting of the ground states of </span><em><span>Ps</span></em><span> (1</span><sup><span>1</span></sup><em><span>Ps</span></em><sub><span>0</span></sub><span> и 1</span><sup><span>3</span></sup><em><span>Ps</span></em><sub><span>1</span></sub><span>) with an accuracy of to electrodynamic corrections is equal to:</span></p>
<div align="center"><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/0(9).gif" alt="" width="245" height="41" /><span>eV.</span></div>
<p><span>In </span><em><span>supersymmetric</span></em><span> </span><em><span>QED</span></em><span>/</span><em><span>SQED</span></em><span> the hyperfine splitting of the para- and ortho-states of the </span><em><span>Ps</span></em><span> is compensated – the precedent is formulated in [1]: “… </span><em><span>in the case of the supersymmetric N</span></em><span> = 2 </span><em><span>QED we find complete degeneracy for para- and ortho-superpositronium</span></em><span>”.</span><br />
<span>Therefore, the ability to interpret and adopt supersymmetry in the low-energy limit [1] gives education of the </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/0(10).gif" alt="" width="53" height="24" /><span> in the final state of the </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/0(11).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-decay –</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/0(12).gif" alt="" width="173" height="24" /><span>, which substantiates the </span><strong><span>Project of a New </span></strong><span>(</span><strong><span>Additional</span></strong><span>) </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/0(13).gif" alt="" width="44" height="18" /><span>-</span><strong><span>Physics</span></strong><span> “</span><strong><span>Outside</span></strong><span>” </span><strong><span>the Light Cone</span></strong><span> [2].</span><br />
<span>Searches for the effect of supersymmetry realization since the discovery of the mathematical formulation (1971), the subsequent rediscovery and recognition of it by the mid-1970s, were carried out and continue on giant accelerators. It is assumed that the superpartners of elementary particles and the effects due to them can be observed at ultrahigh energies. So far unsuccessfully.</span><br />
<span>The generally accepted representation of supersymmetry is formulated on </span><strong><span>Wikipedia</span></strong><span> (01.03.2019 – in Russian):</span><br />
<span>“</span><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span>It is perfectly established</span></span></em><span> (!? – </span><em><span>B</span></em><span>.</span><em><span>L</span></em><span>.) </span><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span>that our world is not supersymmetric in the sense of exact symmetry</span></span></em><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span>, </span></span><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span>since in any supersymmetric model</span></span></em><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span>, </span></span><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span>fermions and bosons associated with a supersymmetric transformation must have the same mass and charge and other quantum numbers</span></span></em><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span> (</span></span><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span>except for the spin</span></span></em><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span>)</span></span><span> – underlined, </span><em><span>B</span></em><span>.</span><em><span>L</span></em><span>. This requirement is not fulfilled for particles known in nature”.</span><br />
<span>All </span><em><span>non-composite truly neutral particles are bosons</span></em><span>. Essentially, the supersymmetry formulation corresponding to the low-energy limit was presented by E. Majorana in the theory of </span><em><span>truly neutral fermions</span></em><span> [3], when yet there were no accelerators of elementary particle, and the coupled electron-positron system already was postulated (S. Mohorovicic, 1934), later called “positronium”.</span><br />
<span>This addition of the problem of supersymmetry will be further represented as “</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/0(14).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-</span><em><span>supersymmetry</span></em><span>” in accordance with previously </span><span>reasonable “local” causality [4].</span><br />
<span>In the Project of the new (additional) </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/0(15).gif" alt="" width="44" height="18" /><span>-physics “outside” the light cone a two-digit Planck mass </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/0GBH264L7.gif" alt="" width="150" height="46" /><span> becomes real, due to the fact that in the final state of </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/0WL10CDP3.gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-decay of nuclei of the type </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/0KVBGMPHL.gif" alt="" width="60" height="21" /><span> (</span><sup><span>22</span></sup><em><span>Na</span></em><span>, </span><sup><span>64</span></sup><em><span>Cu</span></em><span>, </span><sup><span>68</span></sup><em><span>Ga</span></em><span>, etc.) each of the lattice nodes of the Hamiltonian graph filling limited volume of space-time “outside” the light cone – </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/0PXZKLKBD.gif" alt="" width="24" height="21" /><span> (in the development of the fundamental idea of E.B. Gliner [5] about </span><em><span>vacuum-like states of matter</span></em><span> – a positive/“+” ingredient of the </span><em><span>atom long-range action</span></em><span>/</span><em><span>ALRA-</span></em><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/0D2Z7O11V.gif" alt="" width="24" height="21" /><span>) contains a quasi-proton (</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/02J9P2UP6.gif" alt="" width="16" height="20" /><span>) and quasi-electron (</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/0(16).gif" alt="" width="13" height="17" /><span>), and </span><strong><span>the masses quasiparticles are equal to the masses of the corresponding stable matter particles</span></strong><span>. It defines the nature of dark matter/dark energy [6].</span><br />
<span>In the nodes of the compensating lattice </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/0OOUA11C5.gif" alt="" width="24" height="21" /><span>/«–» there are, respectively, a </span><em><span>quasi-antiproton</span></em><span> (</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/0(17).gif" alt="" width="25" height="24" /><span>) and a </span><em><span>quasi-positron</span></em><span> (</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/0(18).gif" alt="" width="20" height="21" /><span>). In a gravitational field of sufficient force, baryon charges are released at the nodes of the core of the </span><em><span>ALRA</span></em><span> (</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/1.gif" alt="" width="144" height="24" /><span>) – dark matter [2] and the interaction of ordinary matter with dark matter become possible due to compensation of the Coulomb barrier by the </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/1(1).gif" alt="" width="24" height="24" /><span>-lattice [7] and through exchange </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/1(2).gif" alt="" width="109" height="24" /><span>-interaction.</span><br />
<span>Obviously, the lifetime of the </span><em><span>ALRA</span></em><span> vacuum structure in the final state of the </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/1(3).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-decay of nuclei of type </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/1(4).gif" alt="" width="60" height="21" /><span> (dark matter/dark energy) is unlimited: </span></p>
<p><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/1(5).gif" alt="" width="157" height="45" /><span>, </span></p>
<p><span>and the quasiparticles in the </span><em><span>ALRA</span></em><span> nodes should recognize Majorana fermions, respectively, </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/1(6).gif" alt="" width="25" height="22" /><span>, </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/1(7).gif" alt="" width="21" height="22" /><span> and </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/1(8).gif" alt="" width="25" height="24" /><span>, </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/1(9).gif" alt="" width="21" height="24" /><span>.</span><br />
<span>It turns out that, due to the two-valued Planck mass, the energy of ~ 10</span><sup><span>28</span></sup><span>eV is realized in corresponding </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/1(10).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-decays. Such energy cannot be achieved by accelerators of elementary particles. This means that the generally accepted, emphasized above categorical judgment from </span><strong><span>Wikipedia</span></strong><span> may turn out to be false. This is evidenced by critical experiment with </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/1(11).gif" alt="" width="73" height="24" /><span> [8]</span><span>, which confirmed the paradoxical realization of the Mцs</span><span>sbauer effect in the “</span><sup><span>22</span></sup><em><span>Na</span></em><span>-gaseous neon of natural isotopic composition (~9% </span><sup><span>22</span></sup><em><span>Ne</span></em><span>)” system in “resonance conditions”.</span></p>
<p><span>The incompleteness of the modern Standard Model/</span><em><span>SM</span></em><span> (in stagnation since the mid-1970s) is also visible in the state of the theory electro-weak interaction:</span><br />
<strong><span>Wikipedia</span></strong><span> (08.03.2018 – in Russian): “</span><em><span>In elementary particle physics electroweak interaction is a general description of two of the four fundamental interactions</span></em><span>: </span><em><span>the weak and electromagnetic interaction. Although these two interactions are very different at ordinary low energies</span></em><span>, </span><em><span>in theory they appear as two different manifestations of the same interaction</span></em><span>. </span><em><span>At energies above the unification energy</span></em><span> (</span><em><span>of the order of</span></em><span> 100 GeV), </span><em><span>they unite into a single electroweak interaction</span></em><span>”.</span><br />
<span>It follows that in the low-energy limit the electromagnetic interactions is not associated with weak interaction, and only </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/1(12).gif" alt="" width="73" height="24" /><span> as a model of a physical observer can justify the restoration of their unified nature (due to the presence of virtual single-photon annihilation in its dynamics). Observation of this is possible by the lifetime method (</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/2.gif" alt="" width="46" height="24" /><span>-delayed coincidence) [8] through compensating half energy of the annihilation </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/2(1).gif" alt="" width="18" height="24" /><span>-quantum (</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/2(2).gif" alt="" width="14" height="13" /><span>1.022 MeV) by a quasi-positron </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/2(3).gif" alt="" width="21" height="24" /><span> in the node of the compensating lattice/“–” of the </span><em><span>ALRA</span></em><span>.</span><br />
<span>The initial positron </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/2(4).gif" alt="" width="40" height="26" /><span> and neutrino </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/2(5).gif" alt="" width="41" height="25" /><span> are born as Dirac fermions, but they accompany oscillation </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/2(6).gif" alt="" width="73" height="24" /><span> “through the looking glass” and transfers to Majorana fermions (truly neutral fermions), and the electron </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/2(7).gif" alt="" width="20" height="22" /><span> in the composition </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/2(8).gif" alt="" width="73" height="24" /><span> is Dirac fermion</span></p>
<p><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/2(9).gif" alt="" width="501" height="90" /></p>
<p><span>It is not known how P. Dirac reacted to the alternative proposed by E. Majorana [3], but in the headings of the works list of P.A.M. Dirac (from 1937 to 1984) name of E. Majorana is absent [9].</span></p>
<p><span>In the presented phenomenology of the Theory of Everything, truly neutral Majorana fermions do not require the abandonment of the law of conservation of the lepton number, as is necessary when setting up experiments to search for neutrinoless double decay and neutrino-antineutrino oscillations.</span></p>
<p><span>All this means that in the Project of the new (additional) </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/89372_files/3.gif" alt="" width="44" height="18" /><span>-physics “outside” the light cone P. Dirac and E. Majorana are presented “on an equal footing”.</span></p>
<p><span>Everything will determined by the implementation of the Program Decisive Experiment [10].</span></p>
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		<title>(Русский) К Теории Всего. β+-ортопозитроний с магнитным монополем в «зазеркалье». Феноменология</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2019/11/90654</link>
		<comments>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2019/11/90654#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 30 Nov 2019 08:56:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Левин Борис Михайлович</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[01.00.00 Physics and mathematics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[зазеркалье]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[КЭД-позитроний]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[магнитный монополь]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ортопозитроний]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Теория Всего]]></category>

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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sorry, this article is only available in <a href="https://web.snauka.ru/issues/author/boris-levin/feed">Русский</a>.</p>
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		<title>To Theory of Everything. β+-Orthopositronium with a Magnetic Monopole in “through the Looking Glass”. Phenomenology</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2019/12/90958</link>
		<comments>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2019/12/90958#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 10 Dec 2019 05:12:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Левин Борис Михайлович</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[01.00.00 Physics and mathematics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[a magnetic monopole]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[QED-positronium]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Theory of Everything]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[trough the looking glass]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[β+-positronium]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[ Скачать PDF  Positronium (symbol Ps) is a hydrogen-like atom in which the proton (p) is replaced by a positron (e+) – the electron (e–) antiparticle. Therefore, Ps, unlike a hydrogen atom, is unstable and with the necessity annihilates, turning into gamma quanta (ga) for fractions of millionth (orthopositronium  – spin 1, odd number ga, symbols o-Ps, TPs) or billionths of second [...]]]></description>
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<p> <span>Positronium (symbol </span><em><span>Ps</span></em><span>) is a hydrogen-like atom in which the proton (</span><em><span>p</span></em><span>) is replaced by a positron (</span><em><span>e</span></em><sup><span>+</span></sup><span>) – the electron (</span><em><span>e</span></em><sup><span>–</span></sup><span>) antiparticle. Therefore, </span><em><span>Ps</span></em><span>, unlike a hydrogen atom, is unstable and with the necessity annihilates, turning into gamma quanta (</span><em><span>g</span></em><em><sub><span>a</span></sub></em><span>) for fractions of millionth (orthopositronium </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/0.gif" alt="" width="61" height="24" /><em><span> </span></em><span>– spin 1, odd number </span><em><span>g</span></em><em><sub><span>a</span></sub></em><span>, symbols </span><em><span>o-Ps</span></em><span>, </span><em><sup><span>T</span></sup></em><em><span>Ps</span></em><span>) or billionths of second (parapositronium </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/0(1).gif" alt="" width="61" height="25" /><span> </span><span>-</span><span> </span><span>spin 0, even number </span><em><span>g</span></em><em><sub><span>a</span></sub></em><span>, symbols </span><em><span>p-Ps</span></em><span>, </span><em><sup><span>S</span></sup></em><em><span>Ps</span></em><span>).</span></p>
<p><span>This representation of </span><em><span>Ps</span></em><span> corresponds to </span><em><span>quantum electrodynamics </span></em><span>(</span><em><span>QED</span></em><span>-</span><em><span>Ps</span></em><span>) as part of the modern Standard Model/</span><em><span>SM</span></em><span>. Today, the reason for stagnation of </span><em><span>SM</span></em><span> (from the mid-1970s) is already visible: experiments of a number of laboratories (USA, Russia, England, and Canada) with positrons from decay of nuclei of type </span><span>D</span><em><span>J</span></em><em><sup><span>p</span></sup></em><em><span> </span></em><span>=1</span><em><sup><span>p</span></sup></em><span> (</span><sup><span>22</span></sup><em><span>Na</span></em><span>, </span><sup><span>64</span></sup><em><span>Cu</span></em><span>, </span><sup><span>68</span></sup><em><span>Ga</span></em><span> </span><span>and so on</span><span>)</span><span>, from the mid-1950s to the mid-1980s, definitely indicate the fundamental difference between the annihilation of </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/0(2).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><strong><span>-</span></strong><em><span>Ps</span></em><span> </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/0(3).gif" alt="" width="123" height="26" /><span> and </span><em><span>QED</span></em><span>-</span><em><span>Ps</span></em><span>.</span><br />
<span>It is assumed that in the system “</span><sup><span>22</span></sup><em><span>Na</span></em><span>/3</span><sup><span>+</span></sup><span>/-gaseous neon (</span><sup><span>22</span></sup><em><span>Ne</span></em><span>/2</span><sup><span>+</span></sup><span>/) of natural isotopic composition (~9% </span><sup><span>22</span></sup><em><span>Ne</span></em><span>/0</span><sup><span>+</span></sup><span>/)” (“</span><em><span>resonance conditions</span></em><span>”) due to </span><em><span>topological quantum transitions</span></em><span>/</span><em><span>TQT</span></em><span> implements single-quantum annihilation of orthopositronium (</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/0(4).gif" alt="" width="50" height="21" /><span> MeV) in the presence </span><em><span>atom of long-range action</span></em><span>/</span><em><span>ALRA</span></em><span>, which is forbidden in </span><em><span>QED</span></em><span> due to violation of the law of conservation of momentum.</span><br />
<span>The observed paradoxical implementation of the Mossbauer Effect [1] allows one to substantiate the phenomenology of the discrete structure of </span><em><span>ALRA</span></em><span> (the number of nodes </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/0(5).gif" alt="" width="116" height="24" /><span> with the </span><em><span>ALRA</span></em><span> core</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/0(6).gif" alt="" width="96" height="24" /><span>) “</span><em><span>outside</span></em><span>” the light cone instead of the counterproductive phenomenology “tachyon”.</span><br />
<span>To substantiate the phenomenology of </span><em><span>ALRA</span></em><span>, particular attention is required to the registration of the single-quantum annihilation mode of the </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/0(7).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-orthopositronium (</span><em><span>g</span></em><em><sub><span>a</span></sub></em><span>-quantum/</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/0(8).gif" alt="" width="20" height="25" /><span>-</span><em><span>notoph</span></em><span> [1,2] </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/0(9).gif" alt="" width="78" height="28" /><span> MeV) by the lifetime method, since the </span><em><span>g</span></em><em><sub><span>n</span></sub></em><span>(“start”)-</span><em><span>g</span></em><em><sub><span>a</span></sub></em><span>(“stop”) delayed coincidences method excludes registration of the </span><em><span>g</span></em><em><sub><span>a</span></sub></em><span>-quantum with </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/0(10).gif" alt="" width="78" height="28" /><span> MeV energy.</span><br />
<span>Indeed, the thresholds of the differential discriminator of the lifetime spectrometer are set to register </span><em><span>g</span></em><em><sub><span>a</span></sub></em><span>-quanta in the range (0,34-0,51) MeV.</span><br />
<span>The ban on registration is lifted if we take into account the interaction of the </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/0(11).gif" alt="" width="20" height="25" /><span>-notoph with the two-digit (</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/0(12).gif" alt="" width="14" height="16" /><span>) structure of the </span><em><span>ALRA</span></em><span>. As a result, half the energy of the notoph (</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/0(13).gif" alt="" width="41" height="21" /><span>) MeV is compensated by the interaction of the </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/0(14).gif" alt="" width="20" height="25" /><span>-notoph with quasiparticle </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/0(15).gif" alt="" width="20" height="21" /><span> in the </span><em><span>ALRA</span></em><sub><span>(–)</span></sub><span> of negative mass</span></p>
<div align="center"><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/0(16).gif" alt="" width="83" height="32" /><span>MeV) + </span><em><span>ALRA </span></em><sub><span>(– ) </span></sub><span>(</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/0(17).gif" alt="" width="66" height="21" /><span>MeV) </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/0(18).gif" alt="" width="101" height="32" /><span>MeV),</span></div>
<p><span>and the single-quantum (single-notoph)</span><span> </span><span>annihilation mode of the</span><span> </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/0(19).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-orthopositronium can be detected by lifetime spectrometer.</span></p>
<p><span>The forerunners of the phenomenology of </span><em><span>ALRA</span></em><span> in theory were the concept of “</span><em><span>vacuum-like states of matter</span></em><span>” by E.B. Gliner (1965) based on the general relativity/</span><em><span>GR</span></em><span>, the “</span><em><span>full relativity</span></em><span>” by A.F. Andreev (1982) and the mathematical extension of </span><em><span>GR</span></em><span> by L.B. Borissova &amp; D.D. Rabounski (“zero-space” – a new long-range action, 1997) based on the method of chronometric invariants by L.A. Zelmanov (see [2]).</span><br />
<span>The presentation of the experimental anomalies of “quiet physics” under consideration, for expanding the </span><em><span>SM</span></em><span>, was made possible on the basis of the transition from considering positronium in the framework of </span><em><span>QED</span></em><span> to supersymmetric </span><em><span>QED</span></em><span>, in which the precedent was established in theory – “… </span><em><span>complete degeneration for para- and ortho-superpositronium</span></em><span>” [3].</span><br />
<span>In </span><em><span>QED</span></em><span>, the mixing of </span><em><sup><span>T</span></sup></em><em><span>Ps </span></em><span>and </span><em><sup><span>S</span></sup></em><em><span>Ps</span></em><span> occurs in a magnetic field. Operator of energy of interaction of positronium with a magnetic field</span></p>
<div align="center"><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/0(20).gif" alt="" width="169" height="45" /></div>
<p><span>it is not invariant to replacing an electron with positron and therefore does not preserve of the charge parity; it mixes the singlet and triplet (</span><strong><span>m</span></strong><span> = 0, where </span><strong><span>m</span></strong><span> is the magnetic quantum number) states. In sufficiently strong magnetic fields, the “good” quantum number is no longer the positronium spin, but the magnetic quantum number: </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/0(21).gif" alt="" width="50" height="17" /><span> – annihilation by 3</span><em><span>g</span></em><em><sub><span>a</span></sub></em><span> or </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/0(22).gif" alt="" width="42" height="18" /><span> – annihilation by 2</span><em><span>g</span></em><em><sub><span>a</span></sub></em><span>. The splitting of the levers of triplet positronium in a magnetic field is determined by the expression</span></p>
<div align="center">
<p><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/0(23).gif" alt="" width="242" height="41" /></p>
</div>
<p><span>where </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/0(24).gif" alt="" width="85" height="45" /><span>, </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/1.gif" alt="" width="268" height="41" /><span>eV (</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/1(1).gif" alt="" width="54" height="21" /><span> - binding energy </span><em><span>Ps</span></em><span>, see [4]).</span></p>
<p><span>Positronium is a truly neutral system, since during charge conjugation the positron is replaced by an electron and electron by a positron, again forming positronium. Nevertheless, the ambiguity due to the spin of the compound of a truly neutral particle – </span><em><sup><span>T</span></sup></em><em><span>Ps</span></em><span> (S = 1) and </span><em><sup><span>S</span></sup></em><em><span>Ps</span></em><span> (S = 0) is obvious here. At this stage of phenomenology, certainty is restored by referring to magnetic properties – the magnetic moment </span><em><sup><span>T</span></sup></em><em><span>Ps</span></em><span> is 0, and </span><em><sup><span>S</span></sup></em><em><span>Ps</span></em><span> is equal to two Bohr magnetons (</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/1(2).gif" alt="" width="76" height="45" /><span>). Consideration of superpositronium [3] removes the uncertainty (</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/1(3).gif" alt="" width="50" height="21" /><span>): one can consider oscillations of orthopositronium (a degenerate state of ortho-/para-superpositronium), which admits single-quantum annihilation in the “trough the looking glass”, which, unlike the “mirror Universe” by S. Glashow [5] it is realized </span><strong><em><span>in finite</span></em></strong><strong><span> 4-</span></strong><strong><em><span>volume</span></em></strong><span> of space-time in the </span><em><span>TQT</span></em><span> process at </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/1(4).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-decays of the mentioned type [2].</span><br />
<span>As a result, the phenomenological analysis admits: by the action of an effective magnetic field in the through the looking glass, we can justify the small contribution to the energy of mirror quanta |</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/1(5).gif" alt="" width="34" height="21" /><span>| at one-quantum annihilation</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/1(6).gif" alt="" width="217" height="24" /><span>.</span><br />
<span>Let us imagine the magnetic field </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/1(7).gif" alt="" width="21" height="17" /><span> as the field of a magnetic monopole placed at the center of mass of a supersymmetric (“complete degeneracy” [3]) </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/1(8).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-positronium </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/1(9).gif" alt="" width="132" height="24" /><span>. Let its intensity be sufficient to compensate for the positronium in substate </span><strong><span>m </span></strong><span>= 0 binding energy </span><em><span>W</span></em><span> with an accuracy |</span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/2.gif" alt="" width="27" height="18" /><span>| (equal to the total energy of two photons/notophs in the “looking glass”). Then, from the connection</span></p>
<div align="center"><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/2(1).gif" alt="" width="273" height="41" /></div>
<p><span>we get the strength magnetic field of monopole</span></p>
<div align="center"><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/2(2).gif" alt="" width="78" height="44" /></div>
<p><span>and the charge of the magnetic monopole</span></p>
<div align="center"><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/2(3).gif" alt="" width="140" height="41" /><span>,</span></div>
<p><span>where </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/2(4).gif" alt="" width="74" height="48" /><span> is the positronium radius.</span></p>
<p><span>The Dirac-Schwinger relation of the coupling of an elementary electric charge and a magnetic charge of a monopole is obtained.</span></p>
<div align="center"><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/2(5).gif" alt="" width="62" height="46" /><span>.</span></div>
<p><span>This phenomenology of a magnetic monopole as a part of a two-valued </span><em><span>ALRA</span></em><sub><span>()</span></sub><span> is essentially justified by a </span><em><span>fundamental structure</span></em><span> open “</span><em><span>at the tip of a pen</span></em><span>” when studying vacuum in a chiral (invariant with respect to the direction of rotation) </span><em><span>supersymmetric QCD</span></em><span> in a finite volume, which is an “ion crystal”:</span><br />
<span>“</span><em><span>In the case of the usual supersymmetric</span></em><span> </span><em><span>QCD</span></em><span>, </span><em><span>the lattice of monopoles of charge</span></em><span> –1 </span><em><span>is superimposed on a similar lattice of monopoles with charge </span></em><span>+1” [6].</span><br />
<span>As was noted by Schwinger in another context, as a result “… </span><em><span>a magnetic charge can be used to interpret the empirical properties of a nucleon charge</span></em><span>” [7].</span></p>
<p><span>The Dirac monopole, connected with a truly neutral compound atom – supersymmetric </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/2(6).gif" alt="" width="22" height="24" /><span>-positronium </span><img src="http://content.snauka.ru/web/90958_files/2(7).gif" alt="" width="132" height="24" /><span>, included in the structure of </span><em><span>ALRA</span></em><span> with the </span><em><span>ALRA</span></em><span> core, also becomes a truly neutral system. In this sense, the phenomenology of the Dirac magnetic monopole can be compared with the theory of the truly neutral fermion E. Majorana.</span><br />
<span>The direct statements of Dirac about the theory of E. Majorana, which would seem to provoke a conceptual conflict, are unknown. But the exit the Theory of Everything beyond the light cone, a priori of the Project of the decisive experiment, brings together both concepts of quantum field theory [8, 9].</span></p>
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		<title>(Русский) Физика. Преодолеть индоктринируемость и ригидность на пути к Теории Всего. Феноменология</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2020/02/91374</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 05 Feb 2020 15:21:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Левин Борис Михайлович</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[01.00.00 Physics and mathematics]]></category>
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		<title>(Русский) Эффект Мёссбауэра в газообразном неоне в конечном состоянии β+-распада 22Na как путеводная нить к Теории Всего</title>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 25 Jul 2020 06:54:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Левин Борис Михайлович</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[01.00.00 Physics and mathematics]]></category>
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