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	<title>Электронный научно-практический журнал «Современные научные исследования и инновации» &#187; Kurpayanidi Konstantin</title>
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		<title>Features of management of a small industrial plant in case of modernization of the national economy of Uzbekistan</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2011/11/5207</link>
		<comments>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2011/11/5207#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 13 Nov 2011 09:21:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Kurpayanidi Konstantin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[08.00.00 Economics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Малый промышленный бизнес]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[промышленные предприятия]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Узбекистан республика]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[экономика Узбекистана]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Sorry, this article is only available in Русский.]]></description>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Marketing strategy as a factor in the development of small enterprises</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2012/06/14758</link>
		<comments>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2012/06/14758#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 04 Jun 2012 09:41:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Kurpayanidi Konstantin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[08.00.00 Economics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[competition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[marketing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[small business]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[strategy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[конкуренция]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[малый бизнес]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[маркетинг]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[стратегия]]></category>

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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Innovative components of national competitiveness of country</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2013/11/28360</link>
		<comments>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2013/11/28360#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 05 Nov 2013 10:59:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Kurpayanidi Konstantin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[08.00.00 Economics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[competitiveness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[innovation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[technology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[the "new economy".]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[the process of innovation]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Modern development of global processes, increasing international competition and specialization, the formation of national innovation systems integrated at the international level, the development and distribution of new technologies, and the ability to secure the country&#8217;s high-tech products in the market on the basis of technological specialization leads to a fundamentally new industries based on breakthrough [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Modern development of global processes, increasing international competition and specialization, the formation of national innovation systems integrated at the international level, the development and distribution of new technologies, and the ability to secure the country&#8217;s high-tech products in the market on the basis of technological specialization leads to a fundamentally new industries based on breakthrough technology (macro-technologies). Countries that lagging in the technological development are unable to get involved in the transformation of society, which only increases backlog from highly developed countries [1,3].<br />
At the moment the modern competitive production is impossible without the use of resources, scientific and technological potential. In this case, not only the quantity but also the quality of scientific and technical resources is important, the implementation of innovation management, support system inventions[4].<br />
The share of new knowledge embodied in technology, equipment and organization of production in the industrialized countries account for up to 75-80% of the gross domestic product. CIS countries, including Uzbekistan, lag on this indicator from the developed countries for 45-50 years. To date, according to various estimates, the total capacity of the world&#8217;s high-tech market is $ 2 trillion. $ 300 billion and includes 50 &#8211; 55 macro-, of which 39% are controlled by the United States, 30% &#8211; Japan, 16% &#8211; Germany[2,4]. The presence of macro-technologies is a kind of measure scientific and technical development of the country, the inflow of foreign capital to accelerate and strengthen the relationship with the world of innovation markets.<br />
In this context, the competitiveness of the national economy of Uzbekistan is placed in direct dependence on the ability of the leading sectors to produce high-tech products with advanced scientific and technological progress[5].<br />
Currently, Uzbekistan has not formed a &#8220;new economy&#8221; and there is rejection of innovation strategy of economic development. This is due, first of all, the fact that advances in science are not in demand because of the inconsistency of economic interests of the subjects of the innovation process, and the availability of the consequences of global financial and economic crisis.<br />
In our opinion, the main reasons of technological backwardness of the country are:<br />
• orientation of producers and entrepreneurs to areas more profitable use of capital than innovative products;<br />
• preference of domestic producers to the finished products of Western technology companies;<br />
• lack of development of innovation infrastructure and distribution mechanisms of advanced technologies across sectors of the national economy;<br />
• inefficient institutional environment and imperfection of legal support innovation;<br />
• low level of innovation in industrial production in the country;<br />
• insufficient public funding of scientific and technical activities;<br />
• lack of a clear and effective State policy;<br />
• presence of a weak interaction between research and production, the lack of effective co-operation in research and development[3].<br />
However, lack of funding for science and technology have led to a reduction in research and development, as well as the outflow of scientists in other industries.<br />
Thus, it is needed to solve the underlying problems that contribute to the technological backwardness of Uzbekistan, which can be done by:<br />
• predict and identify strategies for economic and technological development in the future;<br />
• consolidation in the market of high-tech products based on specific technological specialization (which reflects the development of critical technologies in the country);<br />
• the establishment of national innovation systems, integrated on an international level;<br />
• continue to support the state education system, mainly post-graduate education;<br />
• support the processes of technology transfer;<br />
• the creation of institutions to help commercialize technologies;<br />
• close cooperation between business and government, governmental support of domestic producers in entering the high-tech segments of the world market;<br />
• macro-rate Uzbekistan, which will form an effective and competitive industry, improve the quality of science and education, the interest in fundamental and applied research, technological independence and economic security.<br />
Priority fields of new technologies may be:<br />
• Information and telecommunication systems;<br />
• nano systems and materials;<br />
• living systems;<br />
• environmental management;<br />
• energy and energy efficiency;<br />
• security and counter-terrorism.<br />
Therefore, for Uzbekistan the problem of integration into the global market of high technologies, accelerating the innovation processes, ensuring national competitiveness and coordination of scientific and economic policies are important.</p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Innovation of personal value in improving the efficiency of self-learning students</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2013/11/28769</link>
		<comments>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2013/11/28769#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 18 Nov 2013 06:14:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Kurpayanidi Konstantin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[13.00.00 Pedagogics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[creativity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[efficiency]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[heuristics.]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[innovation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[innovative teaching]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[self-study]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[инновации]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[инновационное обучение]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[самообразование]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[самостоятельная работа]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[творчество]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[эвристика.self-education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[эффективность]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Sorry, this article is only available in Русский.]]></description>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Regional marketing as a tool of increasing the investment attractiveness of the Fergana valley</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2015/01/41347</link>
		<comments>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2015/01/41347#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 05 Jan 2015 18:41:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Kurpayanidi Konstantin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[08.00.00 Economics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[государственные и муниципальные организации]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[инструменты маркетинга]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[коммерческие предприятия]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[меркетинг]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[потенциальные инвесторы]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[туристы]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://web.snauka.ru/?p=41347</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Issues of managing socio-economic development of regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan, including Fergana Valley, need to be considered from the position of systematic approach. Lack of systemacy, understanding the importance of using a marketing approach in the management of socio-economic development of the territories cannot get the synergistic effect from the implementation of management [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Issues of managing socio-economic development of regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan, including Fergana Valley, need to be considered from the position of systematic approach. Lack of systemacy, understanding the importance of using a marketing approach in the management of socio-economic development of the territories cannot get the synergistic effect from the implementation of management decisions of different levels of government. And as a result, prevents the achievement of the main objectives of the region and the country, aimed at improving the quality of life of the population. With the purpose of expanding the possibilities of increasing the investment attractiveness of the Fergana region of the local administration, public organization, the media, it is advisable to master marketing technologies. The active use of regional marketing is necessary for the creation, maintenance of behavior, and to increase the popularity, activation of existing capacity, and increase of market and investment attractiveness, by creating additional customer value. Also, it can be said that the population may contribute to the creation of a positive image and maintain the image of the region.<br />
It is known that the main subjects of regional marketing include consumers, resources of territory and brokers. Consumers of territory must include:<br />
• state and municipal organizations;<br />
• commercial enterprises;<br />
• tourists;<br />
• potential investors;<br />
• foreign students;<br />
• foreign labor.<br />
Resources of the Fergana region include enterprises and labor force. To intermediaries, i.e. the subjects involved in the process of promoting the Fergana region should include government, the Chamber of Commerce, higher education and research institutions, the media, travel agencies and others. At the interregional investment market, with the aim of ensuring a high level of competitiveness of the Fergana region, in our opinion, it is necessary to generate attractive investment climate for potential investors and establish a system of involving all forms of capital in regional projects; to ensure the use of the investment potential in order to achieve strategic objectives of regional development. So, one way of attracting investment is a business of a foreign investor, the growth of which necessitates the production of the marketing of foreign markets.<br />
In modern conditions, with the purpose of promoting investment projects, regional community, and local governments must independently take an active role in attracting investment. This process can be performed using, Investment Marketing, as a tool of investment development of the region, in an increasingly inter-regional and international competition in the commodity and investment markets. Also, with the aim of attracting direct investments, promotion of foreign trade and enterprise investments, the system of the methods of fiscal and monetary policy can be applied.<br />
Investment Marketing is a set of methods for studying the markets, attracting and retaining investors in key sectors of the economy of the region and maintaining the region&#8217;s competitiveness on international markets, thus providing a high level of efficiency from attraction and use of investment resources. This type of marketing is needed to finance investment in the sphere of economy, in order to ensure a certain type of service customer with innovative, market-practical knowledge in the field of investment, while ensuring activation of the investment processes and increase of competitive production possibilities. In our opinion, the inflow of investments should also be directed at the promotion of competitive products and technologies on the external to the region market, the development of import-substituting industries, the introduction of innovative technologies and industrial modernization, strengthening and diversifying export potential. The bases for investment marketing of the region are researches of outside socio-economic environment and investment markets for further development of the strategy of marketing of investments. Development of the strategy must be begun with a definition of the objectives, priorities of investment, export and import policy and the priority sectors of the economy. It is necessary to pay special attention to the definition of the competitive advantages of the Fergana region in the system of foreign economic relations, on the external to the region markets of middle-level, based on a system of internal conditions in the strategic analysis of the internal environment.<br />
With the purpose of making effective investment decisions and the development of investment strategies within the investment marketing it is necessary to rationally conduct continuous monitor the situation of the investment market. Formation of motivation as a driving mechanism, regulating the actions of the subjects of investment transactions, is the main objective of the investment market. The functioning of this market is provided by its infrastructure within which system of rules, norms regulating investment activities are defined and implemented. Analysis of the current market conditions and forecasting enables to obtain complete information on the current and forecasted investment market development options, based on which it is advisable to carry out the subsequent market segmentation to identify strategic target segments and the development of measures to accumulate the necessary processes.<br />
Ranking Fergana region as an investment product, tells us what kind of investors are interested in it, especially, as well as for any product or service, the region is most suitable. Understanding who is primarily interested in the area, allows to get perceptible results faster. Thus we reach the solution of the main problem &#8211; the volume and direction of information that will be distributed with the object of attracting interest to Fergana region.<br />
Marketing of the region includes the need of recording the interests and needs of consumers of territory, dynamics of existing and emerging markets; creating a favorable environment for adaptation of the local economy to external factors of the region; creating an attractive image of the region. One of the most important aspects of the marketing of the region is positioning that involves the specification of the most important aspects of the local community. The effectiveness of this process will be different from other local communities, in case if in accordance with the strategy in the minds of investors and partners to fix this or that notion about territory.<br />
Thus, an essential tool of creating investment attractiveness of the local community is the marketing of the region, aimed at promoting the consumption value of the region with the object of creating a high level of image, promotion of local products, and in general to ensure a high level of competitiveness of the Fergana region.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>International ranking as a method of evaluation of the effectiveness of the state support of entrepreneurship</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2016/01/62267</link>
		<comments>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2016/01/62267#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 11 Jan 2016 06:22:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Kurpayanidi Konstantin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[08.00.00 Economics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[entrepreneurship]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[infrastructure]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[institutional environment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[international ranking]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[quality of the business environment]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://web.snauka.ru/issues/2016/01/62267</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan is influenced by the processes of modernization of the existing model of development predetermines, along with the crisis in the global economy, and the challenges of globalization, an active transition of developed countries as its main competitors on the innovative path of development, the development and use of new [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">Economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan is influenced by the processes of modernization of the existing model of development predetermines, along with the crisis in the global economy, and the challenges of globalization, an active transition of developed countries as its main competitors on the innovative path of development, the development and use of new business strategies to be successful in an increased competition [4,14]. These factors, along with the implemented in the country competition policy, have a significant impact on the competitive situation in Uzbekistan, and is closely related to the competitiveness of its key market actors business structures.<br />
Modern business is conducted through the institutions of market infrastructure &#8211; a set of interrelated design and technology, information and production and organizational systems. It allows you to carry out a full cycle of business &#8211; from the initial idea to the final practical implementation in the form of a particular product or service[4]. Entrepreneurial institutional framework for the successful operation should also have a favorable regulatory framework and effective system output markets products enterprises. Hence the problem of forming the institutional infrastructure is one of the most serious and urgent[12].<br />
At the same time, all the components of the institutional infrastructure of entrepreneurship: the interaction with the government, financial institutions, security technology and production capacity, transparency and accessibility of information &#8211; yet still does not meet the strict competitive market conditions and do not provide the growth of economic efficiency of entrepreneurial activity. The situation is aggravated by the major regional differences in the institutional support of entrepreneurship[16].<br />
Unequal opportunities of entrepreneurs, often lead to a breach of applicable law, redistribution of roles between public authorities, instability and lack of transparency of financial markets, lack of prudential supervision over the actions of the subjects of relations[10]. In the context of blurring the institutional environment, place the institutional vacuum can take the system inefficient institutions &#8211; institutional traps, informal lobbying, corruption and the shadow economy[11].<br />
In our opinion, the effective regulation of business activity &#8211; is the creation of external business environment in which will ensure the most favorable conditions to support the development of entrepreneurship at the optimum combination of interests of employers and the state[14].<br />
The question of determining the efficiency of enterprise development Many studies, including the work of scientists of Uzbekistan, such as R. Alimov, A.Hikmatov, B.Berkinov, A.Vahobov, S.Gulyamov, M.Ikramov, A. Kadyrov, N.Mahmudov, K .Muftaydinov, D. Trostyansky, M.Tursunhodzhaev et al., as well as a number of scientists of the Russian Federation L.Abalkina, V.Avtonomova, A. Blinov, A. Vilensky, T. Dolgopyatova, O.Krivoruchko, I. Razumnova, V. Roubaix A.Yudanova and economists from Europe and the United States.<br />
Traditional measures of efficiency regulation of small and private business (SPB) are quantitative indicators such as the proportion of subjects SPB in gross domestic product (GDP), as well as the number of people employed in the SPB. According to the State Statistics Committee of Uzbekistan, the share of the contribution of SPB in Uzbekistan&#8217;s GDP in 2003 was 35.0%, in 2013 &#8211; 55.8%, and 2014 subjects of small business made 56.1 percent of total GDP, which is 0.3 percentage points more than in the same period last year. Implemented measures to build the business environment, comprehensive support and further stimulate the development of small and private businesses contributed to the creation in 2014 of more than 26 thousand [19]. New small businesses (excluding farming enterprises). In 2014 small businesses (business) produced 56.1% of the total GDP, which is 0.3 pp. more than in the corresponding period last year. It is well known that in OECD countries, this figure is much higher, for example, in Germany the proportion of MB in the country&#8217;s GDP of about 57% in the UK &#8211; 52%, while in the US &#8211; 53%. According to the Statistics Agency of the European Union in 2012, the share of enterprises with fewer than 250 employees accounted for about 58% of the total GDP of the European Union, the share of such business entities from the total number of operating companies in Europe was 99.8%, and all of these companies instead of giving employment 66 9% of the total working population of the EU countries[23,24].<br />
In Singapore, there are about 130,000 enterprises MB. This is 92% of all enterprises in the country. They account for about 35% of value added products and Bole e 25% of Singapore&#8217;s GDP. In addition, 7% increase in employment in the year also provides small and medium businesses. Therefore, the government strongly supports the development of this sector. Advanced development of this sector since the first days of non-dependence in Uzbekistan has become an important driving force in solving the crisis problems left over from the planned distribution system. The most important task was assigned to small businesses in solving the acute social problems for the country &#8211; ensuring full employment. For comparison, the number of employees in SPB as of September 1, 2015 to the Republic of Uzbekistan was 77% of the economically active population. However, for a country with the structure of the economy, like Uzbekistan, but these numbers are not able to give an objective assessment of the extent to effectively created the conditions for the development of SPB in the country. What is needed is a different system for assessing the business environment in the country.<br />
When it comes to the practical evaluation of the effectiveness of institutions, noted the significant role of international organizations, conducting large-scale cross-country studies, which are developed on the basis of various ratings and rankings of institutional quality[8].<br />
Among the basic tools of analysis of the institutional environment in the economic and business environment today stand out: survey «Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey» (BEEPs), conducted jointly by the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development; competitiveness survey of the World Bank «Investment Climate Assessment» (ICA) and the study of the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation «Doing Business» (“Doing Business”); Reviews competitiveness of the World Economic Forum; assessing the quality of political institutions and public administration, conducted by the World Bank in the project under the guidance of Kaufman; International Corruption Perceptions Index Transparency International; analysis of political institutions in the index Policy IV; various gauges freedoms, including freedom of the press, from Freedom House and others [20].<br />
All of these tools are constantly being improved and include a wider range of variables that measure not just the quality of individual institutions, but also the overall quality of the business environment.<br />
In Uzbekistan, the practical study of the institutional environment is carried out both in the scientific community (e.g., Center for Economic Research, Research Center at the Tashkent State Economic University) and business associations (Chamber of Commerce, the Association of Banks of Uzbekistan, Business Women Association of Uzbekistan).<br />
In order to radically improve the business environment, create the most favorable conditions for doing business, reduce, simplify and improve the transparency of all types of procedures relating to the activities of enterprises, the introduction of internationally accepted system of evaluation criteria of the business environment and on this basis to further improve the international rating level business and investment climate in Uzbekistan 18 July 2012 was adopted by Presidential Decree UP-№4455 «On measures to radically improve the business environment and providing greater freedom of entrepreneurship.&#8221; According to the acceptance documents of the Ministry of Economy and Finance, Central Bank, together with the relevant departments and agencies in accordance with the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation division method of forming the report &#8220;Doing Business&#8221; great work on factor analysis of the business environment and the introduction of evaluation criteria and indicators determining the country rating. Government set the strategic task of improving the country&#8217;s rating according to the criteria of the report &#8220;Doing Business&#8221;[1].<br />
For example, the report &#8220;Doing Business &#8211; 2015&#8243; &#8211; the twelfth in a series of annual reports, which are exploring business regulations, as contributing and hindering business development. The report presents quantitative indicators characterizing the business regulations and the degree of protection of property rights. These indicators can be used to match the business environment for 189 countries. The report provides estimates of regulations concerning 10 aspects of the life cycle of enterprise, namely: creation of the enterprise; obtaining building permits; connection to the power supply system; property registration; access to credit; investor protection; taxation; conduct foreign trade activity; enforcement of contracts; solution to the problems of insolvency of companies.<br />
In the report &#8220;Doing Business 2015 &#8211; Going beyond effectiveness&#8221; data are as of June 1, 2014[22]. The indicators are used to analyze economic outcomes and provide a glimpse of what reforms of business regulation proved to be effective in what areas and countries, and why. The report notes that in 123 countries, local entrepreneurs have noted positive changes in the legal environment governing business activities that have taken place over the past year. From June 2013 to June 2014, a report covering 189 countries, recorded 230 reforms business regulation &#8211; of whom, 145 reforms were aimed at simplifying and reducing the cost of compliance and the 85 reforms were aimed at strengthening legal institutions.<br />
The study &#8220;Doing Business&#8221; expanded field of study for three of the ten indicators and next year plans to expand the area of study for another five indicators. In addition, the aggregate rating of ease of doing business index is now based on the distance from the forward line.<br />
This indicator shows how the legal regime governing the activities of local businesses of any country, close to the best practices in business regulation. The higher the score obtained in terms of distance from the forward line, the more favorable business environment and strong legal institutions in the country. Uzbekistan in this ranking has risen by 8 points compared with a rating of &#8220;Doing Business 2014&#8243; &#8211; from 149th place in the 141&#8242;s. The most noticeable improvement in Uzbekistan noted in the field of taxation &#8211; the country on this indicator has risen from 179th to 118th place. Improving the ranking is also recorded on indicators such as the protection of minority investors (100th place, 18 positions), registering property (143, 3), connection to the grid (145, 3) and enforcing contracts (28 + 1). Deterioration occurred in terms of ranking &#8220;business registration&#8221; (65, -5), &#8220;access to credit&#8221; (104, -5), &#8220;the resolution of insolvency&#8221; (77, -5) and &#8220;construction permits&#8221; (149, -2). Remained unchanged conditions for the conduct of international trade (189th place). Since 2014 ranking ease of doing business index supplemented distance from the &#8220;forward line&#8221;, ie, from the best result for the duration of ratings (measured on a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 &#8211; the worst result). Change to Uzbekistan on this indicator was 4.24 percentage points (from 50.02 points in 2014 to 54.26 points).<br />
Analyzing the reasons for the rating change Uzbekistan, one can identify a number of factors, which are characterized by the adoption of legal acts, improving or liberalizing many procedures related to business activities and interaction with public authorities and institutions.<br />
Considering in greater detail. Over the study period, the government of Uzbekistan has significantly reduced the time required for the procedures required for the implementation of export-import operations, including through the implementation of information systems to feed and process the relevant documents through the web interface.<br />
Along with the cancellation of the procedure of registration of foreign trade contracts with authorized banks business entities were able to submit electronic data on these contracts into a single electronic information system of foreign trade operations (EEISVO) through a single portal online public services using digital signatures. These measures are provided in April by the Presidential Decree &#8220;On additional measures to further improve the investment climate and business environment in the Republic of Uzbekistan&#8221; NUP-4609, as well as the Cabinet of Ministers of 07.21.2014 N 199 &#8220;On additional measures to improve the monitoring of foreign trade operations in the Republic of Uzbekistan &#8220;.<br />
Improving customs procedures is another important points of program reforms aimed at liberalizing the business activity. In particular, Uzbekistan reduced the number of documents requested by the customs authorities and to simplify the process of submission and receipt.<br />
Thus, pursuant to paragraph 5 of Presidential Decree N UP-4455 of 18.07.2012, &#8220;On measures to further radical improvement of the business environment and providing greater freedom of entrepreneurship.&#8221; State Customs Committee of Uzbekistan with the January 1, 2013 is provided as an interactive services via the Internet procedure of electronic declaration of goods, which minimizes the human factor at the customs clearance of goods, as well as significantly reduce the time of customs clearance. Also in accordance with the Government of 29.12.2012, N 370 with January 1, 2013 business entities entitled to choose to implement the procedure of customs clearance of goods in electronic form[13,17].<br />
Favorably affect the position of investors in the country to adopt a new version of the Law N 223-I dated 26.04.1996, &#8220;On joint-stock companies and protection of shareholders&#8217; rights&#8221; (Law of 05.06.2014, N LRU-370). New edition of the Act sets higher requirements for disclosure of related-party transactions committed by interested directors of the Company, as well as the inclusion of information on such transactions in the relevant annual reports of joint stock companies. In addition, any shareholder entitled to request and obtain all documents relating to the above transactions. The adoption of these standards further strengthened the protection of minority shareholders, which in turn is reflected in the increase in the rating of 18 points. It is especially necessary to note that in the ranking, reflecting the tax system, Uzbekistan rose by 61 positions. In our opinion, the main factor for positive change is the annual reduction in tax rates. So, if in 2000 the income tax rate was 38% after 5 years it dropped to 15%, and the rate of the single social payment is reduced from 40% to 25%. Methodically and progressively reduced single tax rate. For example, established in 2005 at a rate of 13% for industrial enterprises in 2015, it is 5%[3].<br />
Pay attention to the position in the ranking of countries in the former Soviet Union.<br />
1. Georgia (15th place ranking).2. Estonia (17).3. Latvia (23).4. Lithuania (24).5. Armenia (45).6. Belarus (57).7. Russia (62).8. Moldova (63).9. Kazakhstan (77).10. Azerbaijan (80).11. Ukraine (96).12. Kyrgyzstan (102).13. Uzbekistan (141).14. Tajikistan (166).<br />
As can be seen from the ranking of countries on the ease of doing business, the ninth consecutive year, Singapore led the world rankings. The second to tenth places are occupied, respectively, New Zealand, Hong Kong (China), Denmark, the Republic of Korea, Norway, USA, UK, Finland and Australia.<br />
Based on the foregoing, it can be concluded that the main problems of entrepreneurship in Uzbekistan, identified by analysis, the international and domestic surveys are as follows: poor quality of the bureaucracy; access to economic resources; obtaining building permits; not match the competitive conditions of the financial sector; regulation of foreign economic relations; ineffective treatments closing a business.<br />
To solve the above problems, we have considered necessary to improve the basic functions of the state in the regulation of the institutional environment of entrepreneurship.<br />
Improving coordination functions of the state, ie, decrease in the degree of uncertainty of the business environment should disable the following:<br />
• creating conditions for the expansion of competitive and export-oriented enterprises (improvement of the situation with the receipt and registration of land and construction permits, improving legislation on plant closures, better regulation of foreign economic activity)[15,25];<br />
• ensuring the stability, consistency and cost-effectiveness of the legal system.<br />
The development of the management function of state institutions (which determines the distribution of resources, benefits and costs for the employer) is:<br />
• development of financial institutions, including the availability of infrastructure investment process and a variety of financial actors;<br />
• entrepreneurs providing government guarantees in respect of property rights institutions;<br />
• improving the efficiency of the impact of natural resource revenues.<br />
The ratio of formal and informal institutions includes:<br />
• improving the efficiency of the fight against corruption.<br />
• another measure to combat informal institutions is a continuation of the administrative reform, which is the most important component &#8211; increasing openness, transparency and accessibility of information through active and effective implementation of mechanisms to meet the challenges of the &#8220;Electronic Government» &#8211; Government-to-Citizen &#8211; G2C, as well as the optimization of the activities of authorities in the provision of interactive services through the Center for Development of &#8220;Electronic Government&#8221; under the Ministry for Development of Information Technologies and Communications of the Republic of Uzbekistan.<br />
Thus, only the concerted efforts of the state to further removal of administrative barriers to business entities SPB can make a difference and help businesses SPB take its place in the new market of the Eurasian Economic Community, and to facilitate the accession of Uzbekistan to the WTO.</p>
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		<title>Modern approaches to defining functions and concepts of national innovation system of the Uzbek economy</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2016/01/62282</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 17 Jan 2016 14:12:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Kurpayanidi Konstantin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[08.00.00 Economics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[innovation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[innovation system]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Methodology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[National innovation system]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[the economy of Uzbekistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[инновационная система]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[инновация]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[национальная инновационная система]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[экономика Узбекистана]]></category>

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		<title>To the problems of the modern theory of transport logistics</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2016/02/64893</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 28 Feb 2016 11:48:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Kurpayanidi Konstantin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[08.00.00 Economics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[algorithm from door to door system]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[algorithm just in time system]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[logistics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[logistics approach]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[logistics effect]]></category>
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		<title>Institutional transformation of the national economy in the light of the development of small business</title>
		<link>https://web.snauka.ru/en/issues/2016/02/65011</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 29 Feb 2016 13:23:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Kurpayanidi Konstantin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[08.00.00 Economics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[institutionalism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[national economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[small business]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[state]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[transformation]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[институционализм]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[малый бизнес]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[национальная экономика]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[трансформация]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[World experience shows that without a free market economy, without amateur producer, without entrepreneurial activity no prosperity of society is impossible. The most proven history: business was and will be a major component of the economic system of a society that calls itself civilized. Therefore, the transition to a market economy poses to our society [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>World experience shows that without a free market economy, without amateur producer, without entrepreneurial activity no prosperity of society is impossible. The most proven history: business was and will be a major component of the economic system of a society that calls itself civilized. Therefore, the transition to a market economy poses to our society many challenges, among which occupies an important place of business development.</p>
<p>In recent years dominated explicit integration trend. At present, large enterprises are increasingly create around themselves small, including on the basis of the former branches, offices, subsidiaries. Thus, they increase the &#8220;market flexibility&#8221;, get rid of inefficient overheads, reduce the tax burden. The most important feature is the ability of small businesses to accelerate the development of investment, a high turnover of capital, active enterprising activity. However, it is characterized by a relatively low yield, high labor intensity, the complexity of the introduction of new technologies, limited own resources, and increased risk of acute competition. Success in the business world depends critically on the accuracy and validity of the chosen business strategies. This should take into account the probability of critical situations. Each new business or a new project inevitably faces in its path with certain difficulties that threaten its existence. For the entrepreneur it is very important to be able to anticipate such difficulties and advance to develop strategies to overcome them. It is necessary to assess the risks and identify the problems that may face business.</p>
<p>As the world and domestic practice, small and private business, given its characteristics, it needs constant attention and support from the public authorities and local self-government. The first step is to form a broad legal environment of functioning of small businesses. This process started with the adoption of laws and regulations governing business activities in general, since small businesses are not particular legal form of enterprise (economic) activity of citizens and legal entities. Simultaneously, the creation of an infrastructure of small business associations and business organizations in associations (unions). The small business support system, a special place is the problem of financial and credit support, the use of tax incentives and solutions other pressing issues that have a significant impact on the development of small business.</p>
<p>Development of small business in Uzbekistan is a complex, accompanied by some of the problems encountered in its path. However, this should not be an end in itself. The state, being social, should first determine what it wants from the small business and why you need it in social terms. I think the answer should be obvious &#8211; to achieve human welfare.</p>
<p>As noted in the report of the President of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov at the meeting of the Cabinet of Ministers dedicated to the socio-economic development in 2015 and the crucial priorities of economic program for 2016 that, thanks to the measures the share of small business and private entrepreneurship in the gross domestic product increased from 31 percent in the 2000 year to 56.7 percent at the moment, or 1.8 times. In this area today produced one third of all industrial and agricultural products 98 percent. It employs more than 77 per cent of the total employed population.</p>
<p>Based on the above, the purpose of the accelerated development of this sector of the economy the top priority is to create favorable conditions, privileges and preferences, providing comprehensive support to entrepreneurs. It is the objective of the activities of the Chamber of Commerce of the Republic of Uzbekistan, having structural units in all regions of the country, in particular, 14 regional offices, 127 information and consulting and business centers, 14 of the arbitration courts, 3 training resource centers and 21 Unitary Enterprise, CCI effectively cooperates with the state authorities and authorities, which contributes to a steady rise in business confidence and strengthen the partnership between them and the state.</p>
<p>A high social importance of small business begins to emerge only on the condition that companies of this sector produce certain volumes of production, affecting the main socio-economic indicators in the region. Accordingly, the support from the state becomes effective in two ways:</p>
<p>- Increase in production volumes of these enterprises to socially significant quantities;</p>
<p>- Support has already formed the small business sector to increase its degree of maturity and self-organization.</p>
<p>With the development of market relations in entrepreneurial activity in the country has to carry out in the context of growing uncertainty and volatility of the economic environment. So, there is confusion and uncertainty in obtaining the expected outcome and, consequently, increases the risk, there is a danger of failure, unexpected losses. In particular, it is inherent in the initial stages of the development of entrepreneurship.</p>
<p>At present, enterprises and organizations operating in market economy conditions must satisfy the relevant requirements. Companies must have great flexibility, the ability to change the range of products quickly. Product life cycle has now become ever shorter, the variety range of products &#8211; above. Therefore, the production, directed to the production of mass production, is not capable of constantly adapting to the needs of the real, often small groups of consumers, now doomed to bankruptcy.</p>
<p>The processes taking place in the market economy, are not determined by a single plan, and the right to freedom of each subject property, to replace vertical industry relations come horizontal. The market pushes the interests of businesses, forcing them to constantly take risks, even the most successful to review past decisions. Under these conditions, businesses must be able to predict and make timely changes to the structure of their capital, which would survive in the tough competition. Since success in the market is determined by the consumer, the manufacturer has to and is interested in the production of such products, which would combine the best, on the one hand, the cost of its production, and on the other &#8211; the price and the cost of the consumer on the operation and use of these products.</p>
<p>Dramatically changed the structure of production costs. All further increased the proportion of costs associated with product sales. The self is a problem and improve the efficiency of the enterprise product sales. First of all, we should pay more attention to improve the speed of the working capital, reduction of all types of inventories (both at the enterprise and in the warehouses of wholesalers), to achieve the most rapid promotion of finished products from the producer to the consumer. In fact, stocks of finished products in any form is only a camouflage poor production management.</p>
<p>Today, part of the enterprises poorly prepared for the new conditions. Enterprises should seek their own material and financial resources on the market, distributed through which the vast majority of the social product, both in the natural and clothing, as well as cost forms. All this requires a fundamentally new approach to the management and organization of production.</p>
<p>In accordance with the laws adopted in the Republic of Uzbekistan defines the general economic, social and legal basis for the creation of enterprises in the conditions of the existence of two types of property &#8211; public and private, established organizational and legal forms.</p>
<p>The situation, which falls, newly employed some unusual and unusual, it has yet to pass a thorny path before it becomes a real economic planner. Market &#8211; is, first and foremost, economic freedom. only the law and the limits set by them may rise above the entrepreneur. State regulation of the market conditions is reduced mainly to the establishment of standards of the business and the tax system. Everything else is defined producer and the consumer, they will, and to some extent randomly formed.</p>
<p>For economic freedom comes at a price. After all, freedom is accompanied by an entrepreneur at the same time and freedom of other entrepreneurs who are free to buy or not to buy its products, to offer it for its price, sell it at a certain price, to dictate the terms of transactions. It is natural that those who have to enter into a commercial relationship, seek, above all, to their advantage, and some benefits may be damage to the other. In addition, the entrepreneur competitor at all inclined to oust his opponent from the market. Therefore, whether we like it or not, but, learning enterprise, we have to deal with uncertainty and risk. The task of true entrepreneur, business executive of a new type is not to seek to deal with clearly foreseeable result, it&#8217;s no risk, but also to be able to adequately get out of adversity and achieve the desired result.</p>
<p>The development of Uzbekistan&#8217;s economy requires a more serious and deep reforms in various areas of business. Any nation is proud of the fruits of the activities of their business. But every nation and every individual member of it and proud of its association with the embodiment of a particular business idea. Entrepreneurship as one of the specific forms of manifestations of public relations contributes not only to improve the material and spiritual potential of the society, not only creates a fertile ground for the practical implementation of the abilities and talents of each individual, but also leads to the unity of the nation, the preservation of its national spirit and national pride. If we evaluate the feedback between entrepreneurs and institutions supporting the development of small business, the alarming low level circulation of entrepreneurs to public authorities on economic and legal issues at the stage of deciding on a business. The nature of the business potential of Uzbekistan due to the transition state of the Uzbek economy. On the one hand, Uzbekistan has demonstrated its ability to rapid development of business infrastructure and of the entrepreneurial class, especially since these concepts themselves over the preceding decades of the Soviet economy were perceived exclusively as negative. On the other hand, many market structures make confident steps, such as the stock market.</p>
<p>The main by key for the formation of not only skilled and experienced, and the &#8220;civilized&#8221; of entrepreneurs, is the education system that can give current and future Uzbek entrepreneurs not only modern management knowledge, but also to instill a certain system of moral values, to develop a new business ethics, are widespread in developed countries. Given the very high educational and qualification level of domestic labor resources, well-developed education system, the opportunities for this are available.</p>
<p>Extremely important it is also the problem of the formation of privatized and corporatized enterprises a new culture of relations between the employees, many of whom were both owners and managers, shareholders of awareness of their rights and responsibilities.</p>
<p>It is also necessary to note low interest of entrepreneurs in the field of laws and regulations governing the relationships of business entities and government bodies. But not knowing the law, as we know, is not an excuse. Competent approach to problem solving &#8211; that&#8217;s the key to success.</p>
<p>In this connection, an extremely important role and efforts of the State and other public institutions (education, media, and others.), Aimed at the formation of a civilized class of entrepreneurs in our country, legal and organizational support of this process.</p>
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