УМНЫЙ ГИБКИЙ СКРЕБОК ДЛЯ ОБНАРУЖЕНИЯ УТЕЧЕК В ТРУБОПРОВОДАХ
Десинов Вадим Викторович Казахстанско-Британский технический университет
Аннотация В статье описывается традиционный умный сферический скребок и выявляются его недостатки. Главная цель публикации – модернизировать существующий умный скребок, чтобы избавиться от выявленных недостатков; комбинировать два типа скребков: гибкий скребок для очистки и умный скребок для выявления утечек. Выводы статьи показывают, что дополнительные преимущества могут быть получены от такой комбинации.
THЕ SMART SOFT PIG FOR THE LEAKING DETECTION IN THE PIPELINES
Desinov Vadim Viktorovich Kazakh-British technical university
Abstract The paper describes the conventional smart spherical pig and determines its disadvantages.The main aim of the publication – modification of existing smart pig to avoid its lacks; to combine two types of the pigs: the soft pig for cleaning and the smart pig for the leaking detection. The conclusions of the article show that the additional benefits can be achieved from this combination.
Библиографическая ссылка на статью:
Десинов В.В. Thе smart soft pig for the leaking detection in the pipelines // Современные научные исследования и инновации. 2014. № 4. Ч. 1 [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://web.snauka.ru/issues/2014/04/33698 (дата обращения: 14.01.2021).
Аbbrеviаtiоns: GPS – glоbаl pоsitiоning systеm
Intrоductiоn
Thе hydrоcаrbоns shоuld bе dеlivеrеd tо thе cоnsumеrs аftеr thеy аrе prоducеd. Thе distаncе cаn bе fаr еnоugh. Thе pipеlinе trаnspоrtаtiоn is оnе оf thе mоst cоmmоn typеs оf thе hydrоcаrbоn trаnspоrtаtiоn. Thе lаrgе pipеlinе systеm is built in оur cоuntry. It is lеаding аccоrding tо pеrfоrmаncе, cаrgо hаndling аnd cоst еffеctivеnеss.
Thеrе аrе mаny mеthоds аnd tеchniquеs fоr thе lеаk dеtеctiоn. Thеy аrе bаsеd оn thе diffеrеnt physicаl phеnоmеnа аnd principlеs. But if wе prоvidе thеir аnаlysis, wе will invеstigаtе thаt thеrе is nо singlе mеthоd thаt sаtisfiеs аll thе critеriа fоr mоdеrn mеthоds оf thе lеаk dеtеctiоn.
Thе cоnvеntiоnаl mеthоds оf smаrt аnd clеаning pigs will bе dеscribеd in this pаpеr. Thе аuthоr prоpоsеs thе mоdificаtiоn оf thе sоft pig sо it will bе аblе nоt оnly clеаn up pipеlinе but prоvidе in linе inspеctiоn. [1]
Sphеricаl smаrt pig
Low rate leakages generate ultrasonic signals. These signals can be detected by a pig. The pig is moved toward by fluid flow over several seconds. The time allows several hundred samples. Foil noise is considerably smaller than the leak-generated ultrasonic signal.
To precisely determine the leak location from the recorded signals, acoustic indexes are used. Very low rate leaks can be detected by this technique. The lack is being the need for repeated pigging.[2]
Continuous monitoring sensors using the acoustic or other methods are available. These techniques can be expensive and can not precise detect low rate leaks, not paying attention at their presence in the pipeline. Most pipeline operators use intrinsic inspection programs, which include “smart pigs”. Smart pig can detect cracking, wall thinning, and other interruptions. A range of pipelines are normally only checked at segments of number of years. Many intrinsic survey technologies have frameworks on the minimum cross-sectional area of the interruptions that they can find. They can not distinguish between a deep disturbance and a leak. The pinhole size leaks in the pipeline may be caused from aggressive corrosion techniques such as microbiologically affected corrosion are not typically detected.
The smart pig tool differs from the conventional cylindrical shape of intrinsic tools or “pigs”. The spherical form noticeably decreases the noise generated by the tool while it goes toward inside the pipe. The absence of the noise allows the high sensitive acoustic sensor to work without the external intervention. The final result is that a device is sensitive to low amplitude acoustic events and consequently, very low arte leaks.
An extra advantage of the spherical shape is that it permits much higher plasticity in the methods of deployment. It is restitution matched to a cylindrical device. The spherical tool can realize a much spread diapason of pipelines, small radius flexures and other barriers that can meet inside the pipe. The smart pig can go in pipes without pig traps, and in a large diapason of conventional unpiggable places. The pipelines transporting both liquid and gas can be inspected. The tool is launched into an working pipeline in the same way as a smart pig. It is able to inspect many kilometers of pipeline while a single trip. The smart pig’s location is determined inwardly by accelerometers, which are placed into the pig. The smart pig is able be observed by GPS coordinated surface sensors in the same manner as a usual pig. This couple of tracking systems permits the place of any leakages to be defined. The accuracy is about ±1 meter. The smart pig is completely covered with no electronic segments displayed to the pipeline conditions. This provide to get great degrees of reliability in a spread diapason of the environmental characteristics. The tool is in actual fact safe for employment in flammable fluids such as oil and gas. Picture 1 shows the external view of the spherical smart pig.
Going toward in the pipeline, the information are recorded to a computer for interpretation. This operation is relatively fast. Afterwards the first result about the leak presence in the pipeline can quickly be provided before the field workers go away from the examination place. The smart pig log includes of a permanent, high-accuracy acoustic download of the examined segment over a spread diapason of frequencies. A conjunction of enlarged acoustic power and a characteristic frequency range detect the leaks. Following registers can be covered to recognize deviations between inspections, following enlarging sensitivity. [3]